Euphonia Xanthogaster Bird

English Name:  Orange-bellied Euphonia
Latin Name:  Euphonia xanthogaster
Protonym:  E.[uphone] xanthogaster K.Vet-Akad.Handl.(1833) -1833 p.310 pl.10 fig.1
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Fringillidae / Euphonia
Taxonomy Code:  orbeup1
Type Locality:  Brazil ; restricted to Bio [Rio] de Janeiro by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V. Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1016.
Author:  Sundevall
Publish Year:  1834
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

EUPHONIA
(Fringillidae; Ϯ White-vented Euphonia E. minuta) Gr. ευφωνια euphōnia  goodness of voice, excellence of tone, euphony  < ευφωνεω euphōneō  to have a good voice  < ευ eu  good; φωνη phōnē  voice; "Some [Tanagrinae] possess considerable vocal powers; and the notes of the subgenus Euphonia, as its name implies, are said to be particularly musical" (Swainson 1837); "LA seconde, ou celle des Tangaras Euphones, renferme les espèces dont la bec est court et assez semblable à celui des Manakins, dont les doigts sont divisés comme ceux des Tangaras, et dont les pates sont aussi longues que la queue.  Exemples: l'Organiste (T. musica), le Téité (T. violacea), le Tangara chlorotique (T. chlorotica), et le Nègre (T. cayennensis): ces oiseaux doivent former un genre particulier.  ...  EUPHONE ORGANISTE  Pipra musica. GMEL.  ...  Sa voix est très étendue et très variée; et ce qui est fort remarquable, c'est qu'elle est susceptible de prendre successivement tous les tons de l'octave en montant du grave à l'aigu. Cette particularité a fait donner à cet oiseau le nom qu'il porte, et même, dans quelques cantons de Saint-Domingue, celui de Musicien.  ...  27. [EUPHONE] olive. . . . .(Euphonia olivacea. NOB.)" (Desmarest 1806); "Euphonia Desmarest, 1806, Hist. Nat. Tangaras, livr. 10, table [pl. 27]. Type, by monotypy, Euphonia olivacea Desmarest = Euphonia minuta Cabanis.²  ...  ² The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature has suppressed the name olivacea Desmarest, 1806 (published as the binomen Euphonia olivacea) for the purposes of the Law of Priority, but not for those of the Law of Homonymy, and has placed the name minuta Cabanis, 1849 (published as the binomen Euphonia minuta) on the Official List of Specific Names in Zoology, 1968, Bull. Zool. Nomencl., 25, p. 74." (Storer in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 340).
Var. Euphona (Gr. ευφωνος euphōnos  musical, sweet voiced). 
Synon. Acroleptes, Cyanophonia, Euphone, Hypophaea, Iliolopha, Phonasca, Pyrrhuphonia, Tanagra.

euphonia
Gr. ευφωνια euphōnia  goodness of voice, excellence of tone  < ευφωνεω euphōneō  to have a good voice  < ευ eu  good; φωνη phōnē  voice.

xanthogaster / xanthogastra / xanthogastrus
Gr. ξανθος xanthos  yellow; γαστηρ gastēr, γαστρος gastros  belly.

SUBSPECIES

Orange-bellied Euphonia (oressinoma)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster oressinoma
oressinoma
Gr. ορεσσινομος oressinomos  feeding on the hills  < ορεσσι- oressi-  mountain-  < ορος oros, ορεος oreos  mountain; -νομος -nomos  -feeding  < νεμω nemō  to consume.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (chocoensis)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster chocoensis
chocoana / chocoanus / chocoensis
Chocó Dept., Colombia (“Chocó region, an important center of endemism, from Cerro Pirre, easternmost Panama, south through western Colombia to extreme north-western Ecuador” (Krabbe & Schulenberg 1997)).

Orange-bellied Euphonia (exsul)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster exsul
exsul
L. exsul  exile  < ex  out of; solum  country, land (i.e. remote, isolated, insular).

Orange-bellied Euphonia (dilutior)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster dilutior
dilutior / dilutius
L. dilutior, dilutioris  clear, diluted  < dilutus  diluted  < diluere  to dissolve  < dis  separately, apart; luere  to make good.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (badissima)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster badissima
badissima
Mod. L. badissimus  most chestnut  < super. L. badius  chestnut-brown.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (brevirostris)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster brevirostris
brevirostre / brevirostris
Mod. L. brevirostris  having a short beak  < L. brevis  short; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (quitensis)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster quitensis
quitensis
Quito, Ecuador.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (brunneifrons)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster brunneifrons
brunneifrons
Mod. L. brunneus  brown  < Med. L. brunius  brown; L. frons, frontis  brow, forehead.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (ruficeps)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster ruficeps
ruficeps
L. rufus  red, ruddy; -ceps  -headed  < caput, capitis  head.
● ex “Tordo del corona de canela” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 72 (syn. Chrysomus ruficapillus).

Orange-bellied Euphonia (cyanonota)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster cyanonota
cyanonota
Gr. κυανος kuanos  dark-blue; -νωτος -nōtos  -backed  < νωτον nōton  back.

Orange-bellied Euphonia (xanthogaster)
Latin Name: Euphonia xanthogaster xanthogaster
xanthogaster / xanthogastra / xanthogastrus
Gr. ξανθος xanthos  yellow; γαστηρ gastēr, γαστρος gastros  belly.