Charadrius Wilsonia Bird

English Name:  Wilson's Plover
Latin Name:  Charadrius wilsonia
Protonym:  Charadrius wilsonia Am.Orn. 9 p.77 pl.73 fig.5
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Charadriidae / Charadrius
Taxonomy Code:  wilplo
Type Locality:  Cape May, New Jersey.
Author:  Ord
Publish Year:  1814
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CHARADRIUS
(Charadriidae; Ϯ Ringed Plover C. hiaticula) Late L. charadrius yellowish bird mentioned in the Vulgate Bible (late 4^th century) < Gr. χαραδριος kharadrios  unknown plain-coloured nocturnal bird that dwelt in ravines and river valleys  < χαραδρα kharadra  ravine. According to some authors the sight of it was said to cure jaundice. Early identifications included the Stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus; "79. CHARADRIUS.  Rostrum teretiusculum, obtusum.  Pedes tridactyli." (Linnaeus 1758); "Charadrius Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 150. Type, by tautonymy, Charadrius hiaticula Linné. (Charadrios s. Hiaticula Aldrovandus, prebinomial specific name in synonymy.)" (Peters, 1934, II, p. 245). Linnaeus's Charadrius comprised eleven species (C. cristatus, C. Hiaticula, C. alexandrinus, C. vociferus, C. ægyptius, C. Morinellus, C. apricarius, C. Pluvialis, C. Oedicnemus, C. Himantopus, C. spinosus).   
Var. Charadrias, Charadias.   
Synon. Aegialeus, Aegialitis, Aegialophilus, Afraegialis, Afroxyechus, Cirrepidesmus, Eupoda, Eupodella, Helenaegialus, Hiaticula, Hyetoceryx, Leucopolius, Neocharadrius, Nesoceryx, Ochthodromus, Oxyechus, Pagoa, Pagolla, Paroxyechus, Pernettyva, Pipus, Pluviorhynchus, Podasocys, Zonibyx.

wilsonia / wilsoniana / wilsonianus / wilsonii / wilsonius
● Alexander Wilson (1766-1813) Scottish/US pioneer naturalist, father of American ornithology (syn. Aegolius acadicus (ex Strix passerina Wilson, 1811), subsp. Asio otus (ex Strix otus  Wilson, 1811), syn. Buteo platypterus, syn. Calidris minutilla, syn. Cardellina pusilla, syn. Catharus fuscescens, syn. Catharus ustulatus swainsoni, Charadrius, syn. Gallinago delicata (ex Scolopax gallinago A. Wilson, 1812), syn. Hylocichla mustelina, syn. Larus atricilla, syn. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna, syn. Sialia sialis, syn. Sterna hirundinacea) (see wilsoni).
● Dr Thomas Bellerby Wilson (1807-1865) US naturalist, patron of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, brother of Edward Wilson, Jr. (Chondrohierax, syn. Dryobates nuttallii, syn. Lophorina magnifica, syn. Tangara nigrocincta).
● Edward Wilson, Jr. (1808-1888) British naturalist, trochilidist, High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire 1861, brother of Dr Thomas B. Wilson (syn. Cicinnurus respublica) (see respublica).

Wilsonia
(syn. Setophaga Ϯ Hooded Warbler S. citrina) Alexander Wilson (1766-1813) Scottish/US pioneer naturalist, father of American ornithology.  "Genus 108. WILSONIA, Nob.    138. WILSONIA MITRATA, Nob. (Sylvia mitrata, Lath.) Aud. pl. 90, and pl. 9 young. (Muscicapa Selbyi, Aud.)    139. WILSONIA BONAPARTII, Nob. (Muscicapa Bonapartii.) Aud. pl. 5.    140. WILSONIA MINUTA, Nob. (Muscicapa minuta, Wils.) Aud. pl.  Southern and central parts.    141. WILSONIA PUSILLA, Nob. (Muscicapa pusilla, Wils.) Aud. pl. 124. Southern parts." (Bonaparte 1838); "Wilsonia Bonaparte, 1838, Geog. Comp. List Birds Europe North Amer., p. 23 [reference not verified]. Type, by subsequent designation (Ridgway, 1881, Nom. N. Amer. Birds, no. 124), Motacilla mitrata Gmelin = Muscicapa citrina Boddaert." (Lowery & Monroe in Peters 1968, XIV, 49). Recent work indicated that the members of this small genus be divided between the genera Setophaga and Cardellina (see Dendroica).

SUBSPECIES

Wilson's Plover (wilsonia)
Latin Name: Charadrius wilsonia wilsonia
wilsonia / wilsoniana / wilsonianus / wilsonii / wilsonius
● Alexander Wilson (1766-1813) Scottish/US pioneer naturalist, father of American ornithology (syn. Aegolius acadicus (ex Strix passerina Wilson, 1811), subsp. Asio otus (ex Strix otus  Wilson, 1811), syn. Buteo platypterus, syn. Calidris minutilla, syn. Cardellina pusilla, syn. Catharus fuscescens, syn. Catharus ustulatus swainsoni, Charadrius, syn. Gallinago delicata (ex Scolopax gallinago A. Wilson, 1812), syn. Hylocichla mustelina, syn. Larus atricilla, syn. Passerculus sandwichensis savanna, syn. Sialia sialis, syn. Sterna hirundinacea) (see wilsoni).
● Dr Thomas Bellerby Wilson (1807-1865) US naturalist, patron of Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, brother of Edward Wilson, Jr. (Chondrohierax, syn. Dryobates nuttallii, syn. Lophorina magnifica, syn. Tangara nigrocincta).
● Edward Wilson, Jr. (1808-1888) British naturalist, trochilidist, High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire 1861, brother of Dr Thomas B. Wilson (syn. Cicinnurus respublica) (see respublica).

Wilson's Plover (beldingi)
Latin Name: Charadrius wilsonia beldingi
beldingi
Lyman Belding (1829-1917) US ornithologist, collector (subsp. Charadrius wilsonia, Geothlypis, syn. Hydrobates leucorhous, subsp. Passerculus guttatus, subsp. Rallus obsoletus).

Wilson's Plover (cinnamominus)
Latin Name: Charadrius wilsonia cinnamominus
cinnamomina / cinnamominus
L. cinnamomum or cinnamum  cinnamon  < Gr. κινναμωμον kinnamōmon or κινναμον kinnamon  cinnamon.

Wilson's Plover (crassirostris)
Latin Name: Charadrius wilsonia crassirostris
crassirostra / crassirostre / crassirostris
L. crassus  thick, heavy; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.
● ex “Coucou à Gros Bec” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 214 (syn. Eudynamys scolopaceus).
● ex “Alouette à Gros Bec” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 193 (syn. Galerida magnirostris).
● ex “Thick-billed Grosbeak” of Latham 1783 (Oryzoborus).
● ex “Thick-billed Thrush” of Latham 1783 (‡syn. Turnagra capensis).