Cochoa Viridis Bird

English Name:  Green Cochoa
Latin Name:  Cochoa viridis
Protonym:  Co.(choa) Viridis J.Asiat.Soc.Bengal 5 p.359,360
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Turdidae / Cochoa
Taxonomy Code:  grecoc1
Type Locality:  Nepal.
Author:  Hodgson
Publish Year:  1836
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

COCHOA
(Turdidae; † Green Cochoa C. viridis) Nepalese name Cocho for the cochoas; "These birds are not generally or familiarly known to the Nipalese, but the foresters, whom I have met with, denominate them Cocho: and by that name, latinised into Cochoa, I have designated them generically in my note book.  As a Meruline genus, placed close to Turdus, the following characters may perhaps serve to mark them.  Wings, tail, and feet, as in Turdus.  Tarsi rather lower and tail somewhat longer.  Bill straight, considerably depressed; the maxilla excided beyond the centre by the nasal fosse: the nostrils very large, and nearer to tip than to gape.  Head crested as in Garrulus.  The two species at present known to me I shall call, by their prevalent colour, Viridis and Purpurea.   ...   Cochoa purpurea.  Purple Cocho, Mihi.   ...   Co. Viridis. Green Cochoa, Mihi.   ...   The following more particular description of the several members and organs is equally and exactly applicable to both species.  Bill to head as five to four: sometimes merely equal to the head: considerably depressed, except near the tip; at base  more than twice as broad as high; straight;  culmen produced among the frontal feathers, which are soft and turned back; sides of the maxilla cut out beyond the centre by a broad membranous and plumose fosse: tomiæ locked, trenchant, and entire; towards the gape somewhat incurved—towards the tip, straight: tip of upper mandible inclined and notched; of the lower, subrecurved and subemarginated, sometimes straight and entire.  Nares nearer to the tip than to the gape; at fore end of the nasal fossæ, lateral, longitudinal, elliptic, large, free, shaded above by a small nude process of the fossal membrane, and set over with tiny incumbent hairs: gape scarcely to the fore angle of the eye and subciliated: wings reaching to centre of tail, firm, first quill bastard, second long, fourth longest; all four slightly emargined on their inner web.  Tail composed of twelve firm feathers, rather longer than in Turdus, the four laterals gradated in a small degree, more than in Turdus.  Tarsi submedial, stout, rather longer than the central toe, usually smooth, sometimes crossed by three or four scales.  Toes simple, ambulatory, compressed, moderately unequal; outer basally connected; hind stouter and subdepressed.  Nails compressed, obtuse; the central fore with both margins dilated but entire.  Head furnished with a soft, full, garruling [sic = garruline] crest.  Tongue simple, flat, medial, subcartilaginous, with cartilaginous, subjagged, tip.  Stomach muscular, of medial subequal thickness, the lining tough and grooved.  Intestinal canal 20 to 25 inches long, of subequal calibre throughout; close to anal end, two grain-like cæca.  The intestines are longer in proportion than those of Turdus: but otherwise similar." (Hodgson 1836); "Cochoa Hodgson, 1836, Journal Asiatic Soc. Bengal, V, p. 359. Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, p. 40), Cochoa viridis Hodgson, 1836." (JAJ 2021).
Synon. Oreias, Prosorinia, Xenogenys.

viridis
L. viridis  green  < virere  to be green.
● ex “Merle olive des grandes Indes” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 1 (syn. Acritillas indica).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Ailuroedus crassirostris).
● ex “Porphyrio viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Poule-Sultane verte” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Gallinule” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Amaurornis akool).
● ex “Meunier de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 861 (syn. Amazona farinosa).
● ex “Grande pie-grièche verdâtre de Madagascar” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 374, and “Tcha-chert-bé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Artamella).
● ex “Olivert” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 125 (syn. Camaroptera brachyura).
● ex “Coucou verd d’Antigue” of Sonnerat 1776 (Centropus).
● ex “Tourterelle de Java” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 177 (syn. Chalcophaps indica).
● ex “Grimpereau verd de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 682, fig. 1 (= ♀) (syn. Chlorophanes spiza).
● ex “Grimpereau verd du cap de Bonne Espérance” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Cinnyris afer).
● ex “Habia verde” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 89 (Cyclarhis).
● ex “Yellow-brested Chat” of Catesby 1731, “Merula viridis carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merle vert de la Caroline” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Chattering Fly-catcher” of Latham 17783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Icteria virens).
● ex “Icterus minor viridis” of Brisson 1760, “Troupiale de Saint Domingue” or “Siffleur” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 236, fig. 1, and “Whistler-Oriole” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Icterus galbula).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” (= ☼) of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Icterus galbula (see below)).
● ex “Gallinula brasiliensis” or “Jacana” of Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713, “Jacana” of Brisson 1760, “Jacana vert” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green Jacana” of Latham 1785 (syn. Jacana spinosa).
● ex “Green Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Leptopterus chabert).
● ex “Blue-green Paradise-bird” of Latham 1783 (syn. Manucodia chalybata).
● "57. MEROPS.  ...  viridis.  2. M. dorso ferrugineo, abdomine alisque viridibus, gula caudaque cæruleis.  Ispida viridis, supra ferruginea. Osb. iter. 96.  Merops viridis, supra ferruginea. Chin. lagerstr. 5.  Merops benghalensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 29. t. 30.  Merops minor, caudæ 2. pennis longioribus & tenuioribus. Edw. av. 183. t. 183.  Habitat in Java, Benghala." (Linnaeus 1758) (Merops).
● ex “Green Grakle” of Latham 1801 (syn. Oriolus sagittatus).
● ex “Caracterizado verde y corona negra” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 210 (Pachyramphus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  viridis.  7. P. viridis, vertice coccineo. Fn. svec. 80.  Picus viridis. Gesn. av. 710. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 34. Will. ornith. 93. t. 21. Raj. av. 42. Alb. av. I. p. 18. t. 18. Frisch. av. . . t. 35. f. 1.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Picus).
● ex “Courly d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 819, and “Courlis vert” of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Plegadis falcinellus).
● ex “Jacana” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Petite Poule-Sultane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Cassique vert de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 328 (Psarocolius).
● ex “Yellow-throated Oriole” of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Pseudoleistes guirahuro (see above)).
● ex "Barbu de Mahé" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 870, "Barbu vert" of de Buffon 1770-1786, and "Green Barbet" of Latham 1782 (Psilopogon).
● "46. RAMPHASTOS.  ...  viridis.  1. R. viridis, abdomine flavo, uropygio rubro.  Tucana cajanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 423. t. 33. f. i.  Tucan pectore flavo. Edw. av. 253. t. 329.  Habitat in Cayana.." (Linnaeus 1766) (Pteroglossus).
● "104. COLUMBA.  ...  viridis.  23. C. ænea, corpore subtus purpuro-violaceo. Briss. av. 1. p. 152. t. 15. f. 2.  Habitat in Amboina.  Pedes rubent plumis semitecti. Br. Rostrum rubrum." (Linnaeus 1766) (Ptilinopus).
● ex “Malkoha Rouverdin” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 225 (syn. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris).
● ex “Green Partridge” of Latham 1783 (syn. Rollulus rouloul).
● ex “Râle de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 368; “The oldest name for this species is undoubtedly viridis of P. L. S. Müller, but I do not adopt it, as there is nothing green about the plumage of the bird” (Sharpe 1894) (to be fair to Statius Müller the plate by d’Aubenton does show a dark-olive-backed bird) (Rufirallus).
● ex "Pie-grièche Perrin" of Levaillant 1808: "Nous devons la connaissance de cette belle pie-grièche à M. Perrin, de Bordeaux" (Telophorus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche hupé du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 573, fig. 2 (Terpsiphone).
● ex “Hirondelle verte” of Temminck 1807 (Tersina).
● ex “Todier de Saint-Domingue” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 585, fig. 2 (syn. Todus subulatus).
● "61. TODUS.  ...  viridis.  1. T. viridis, pectore rubro.  Todus viridis, pectore rubra, rostro recto. Brown. jam. 476. Briss. av. 4. p. 528. t. 41. f. 2.  Rubecula viridis elegantissima. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 306. t.263. f. 1. Raj. av. 187. Edw. av. 121. t. 121.  Habitat in America.  Cauda rotundata." (Linnaeus 1766) (syn. Todus todus).
● "55. TROGON.  ...  viridis.  3. T. viridi aureus, subtus luteus, gula nigra.  Trogon cayanensis viridis. Briss. av. 4. p. 168. t. 17. f. 1.  β. Trogon cayanensis viridis, ventre candido. Briss. av. 4. p. 170.  Habitat in Cayania.  Fascia pectoralis viridi-aurea. An præcedentis varietas aut sexus?  Rectrices in hoc genere XII." (Linnaeus 1766) (Trogon).
● ex “Green-winged Hornbill” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but not a hornbill Bucerotidae).
● ex “Green Coly” of Latham 1787 (unident.; but probably not a mousebird Coliidae).
● ex “Green Wagtail” of Brown 1776 and Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Green Thrush” of Latham 1783 (unident.).