Coccothraustes Vespertinus Bird

English Name:  Evening Grosbeak
Latin Name:  Coccothraustes vespertinus
Protonym:  Fringilla vespertina Ann.Lyc.Nat.Hist.N.Y. 1 p.220
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Fringillidae / Coccothraustes
Taxonomy Code:  evegro
Type Locality:  Sault Sainte Marie, Michigan.
Author:  Cooper, W
Publish Year:  1825
IUCN Status:  Vulnerable

DEFINITIONS

COCCOTHRAUSTES
(Fringillidae; Ϯ Hawfinch C. coccothraustes) Late Med. L. coccothraustes  Hawfinch  < Gr. κοκκοθραυστης kokkothraustēs  unidentified bird listed by Hesychius < κοκκος kokkos  seed; θραυω thrauō  to break, to shatter; "GROS-BEC. Coccothraustes superne castanea, inferne vinacea (mas) cinereo-vinacea (fœmina); imo ventre albo; oculorum ambitu & gutture nigris; macula in alis candida (mas) cinereo-alba (fœmina); rectrice utrinque extima ultima medietate interius alba" (Brisson 1760): based on "Coccothraustes" of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Schwenckfeld 1603, Jonston 1650-1653, Charleton 1668, Willughby 1676, Ray 1713, Linnaeus 1748 and Klein 1750; "Coccothraustes Brisson, 1760, Ornithologie, 1, p. 36; ibid., 3, p. 218. Type, by tautonymy, "coccothraustes" = Loxia coccothraustes Linnaeus." (Paynter in Peters, 1968, XIV, p. 290).
Var. Coccothrasutes, Coccotraustes, Coccauthraustes, Coccothraustis, Coccosthraustes.
Synon. Pycnorhinus.

coccothraustes
Gr. κοκκοθραυστης kokkothraustēs  unidentified bird listed by Hesychius < κοκκος kokkos  seed; θραυω thrauō  to break, to shatter; "96. LOXIA.  ...  Coccothraustes.  2. L. linea alarum simplici alba, rectricibus latere tenuiore baseos albis.  Coccothraustes. Gesn. av. 276. Aldr. ornith. l. 16. c. 20. Jonst. av. . . t. 37. Charlet. onom. 84. t. 85. Olin. av. 37. Raj. av. 85. Alb. orn. I. p. 54. t. 56. Edw. av. 188. t. 188. It. scan. 332. n. 1.* Frisch. av. I. t. 4. f. 2. 3.  Habitat in Europa australiori, Cerasa enucleans, disseminans." (Linnaeus 1758) (Coccothraustes).

vespertinus
L. vespertinus  of evening, of twilight, crepuscular  < vesper, vesperis  evening.

SUBSPECIES

Evening Grosbeak (brooksi)
Latin Name: Coccothraustes vespertinus brooksi
brooksi
● Maj. Allan Cyril Brooks DSO (1869-1946) Canadian Army, ornithologist, bird artist (subsp. Aegolius acadicus, subsp. Hesperiphona vespertina, subsp. Passerculus sandwichensis).
● William Edwin Brooks (1828-1899) Irish civil engineer in India 1856-1881, and Canada 1881-1899, ornithologist, father of Maj. Allan C. Brooks (syn. Haliaetus albicilla, syn. Phylloscopus subviridis).
● Winthrop Sprague Brooks (1887-1965) US ornithologist, Curator at Museum of Comparative Zoology 1928-1934 (subsp. Oxyruncus cristatus).

Evening Grosbeak (vespertinus)
Latin Name: Coccothraustes vespertinus vespertinus
vespertinus
L. vespertinus  of evening, of twilight, crepuscular  < vesper, vesperis  evening.

Evening Grosbeak (montanus)
Latin Name: Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus
montanum / montanus
L. montanus  found on mountains, mountain-, mountaineer  < mons, montis  mountain.
● “We saw abundance of these birds in the mountainous Countries of Stiria and Carinthia, as we travelled from Vienna to Venice” (Ray 1678); "98. FRINGILLA.  ...  montana.  28. F. remigibus rectricibusque fuscis, corpore griseo nigroque, alarum fascia alba gemina.  Passer montanus. Aldr. orn. t. 15. c. 15. Olin. av. 46. Raj, av. 87.  Habitat in Europa.  Simillima Fr. domesticæ sed minor & fascia duplex in alarum tegetibus alba s. tectrices alarum primi secundique ordinis albi, at in F. domestica tantum secundi." (Linnaeus 1758) (Passer).
● Montana, USA (subsp. Junco oreganus).
● Montana Sierra, Valle, Venezuela (syn. Megascops choliba crucigerus).
● ex “Braunes Feldhuhn” of Frisch 1733-1763, “Perdix montana” of Brisson 1760, and “Perdrix de montagne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 136, and de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Perdix perdix).
● ex “Merula montana” of Brisson 1760, and “Merle de montagne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 182 (syn. Turdus torquatus).