Phalacrocorax Urile Bird
Phalacrocorax Urile Bird
English Name:
Latin Name:
Protonym: Pelecanus Urile Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.575
Taxonomy: Suliformes / Phalacrocoracidae / Phalacrocorax
Taxonomy Code: refcor
Type Locality: Kamchatka.
Author: Gmelin, JF
Publish Year: 1789
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
PHALACROCORAX
(Phalacrocoracidae; Ϯ Great Cormorant P. carbo) L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis cormorant < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax, φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos cormorant < φαλακρος phalakros bald-headed < φαλος phalos white; ακρος akros topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos raven < κρωζω krōzō to croak; "LE CORMORAN ... PHALACROCORAX ... Juxta maris littora versatur, paludesque frequentat. Modo in rupibus, modo in arboribus excelsis nidificat" (Brisson 1760): based on "Phalacrocorax" and "Corvus aquaticus" of many authors, "Carbo aquaticus" of Gessner 1555, and Linnaeus 1748, "Morfex" of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Jonston 1650-1653, and Charleton 1668, "Nonnullis" of Gessner 1555, Schwenckfeld 1603, and Klein 1750, "Pelecanus subtus albicans" of Linnaeus 1746, "Plancus Corvus" of Klein 1750, and Pelecanus Carbo Linnaeus, 1758; "Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 60. Type, by tautonymy, Phalacrocorax = Pelecanus carbo Linné." (Peters 1931, 1, 85). The Great Cormorant was formerly trained in England to catch fish, but that necessary pastime can now only be seen in the Far East.
Var. Phalaciocorax, Phalocrocorax, Phalarocorax, Phelacrocorax.
Synon. Anacarbo, Botaurites, Carbo, Carbonarius, Compsohalieus, Cormoranus, Dilophalieus, Ecmeles, Enygrotheres, Euleucocarbo, Graculus, Graucalus, Gripeus, Gulosus, Halieus, Hydrocorax, Hypoleucus, Leucocarbo, Mesocarbo, Nannopterum, Nesocarbo, Notocarbo, Oligocorax, Pallasicarbo, Paracorax, Pliocarbo, Poikilocarbo, Pseudocarbo, Stictocarbo, Urile, Viguacarbo.
● (syn. Rynchops Ϯ Black Skimmer R. niger) "109. ZWEMMERGANS, in het Latyn Phalacrocorax. Vogel van Madras met een scheermes-snabel. PETIVER by RAY. Syn. Av. 194. f. 5." (Moehring 1758).
phalacrocorax
L. phalacrocorax, phalacrocoracis cormorant < Gr. φαλακροκοραξ phalakrokorax, φαλακροκορακος phalakrokorakos cormorant < φαλακρος phalakros bald-headed < φαλος phalos white; ακρος akros topmost; κοραξ korax, κορακος korakos raven < κρωζω krōzō to croak.
● ex Phalacrocorax Brisson, 1760 (syn. Phalacrocorax carbo).
urile
According to Steller 1774, Urile is the name of the Red-faced Cormorant in Kamchatka; ex “Urile” of Steller 1774, “Red-faced Corvorant” of Pennant 1785, and “Red-faced Shag” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
Urile
(syn. Phalacrocorax Ϯ Red-faced Cormorant P. urile) Specific name Pelecanus urile Gmelin, 1789; "Un nouveau genre doit être établi parmi les Phalacrocoracides ou Cormorans. Nous le nommons Urile, son type étant le légitime P. urile, du moins des compilateurs; car il n'est pas bien sûr que Steller, son auteur original, ait eu notre espèce en vue plutôt qu'un véritable Phalacrocorax à gros bec, lorsque, dans son Mémoire sur le Kamchatka, il parle, à la page 157, de son "Urile seu Pelecanus graculus." Quoi qu'il en soit, notre nouveau genre est bien caracterisé par son bec grêle, d'une seule venue, rappelant en grand celui des Oiseaux-mouches, et par son queue, remarquablement courte" (Bonaparte 1856 (Comptes Rend.)); "*163. Urile, Bp. 1856. ex Stellero (Graculus p. Gr. - Graculus et Hypoleucus p. Reich.) Majusculi: rostrum elongatum, gracillimum a basi minime incrassata, aequilatum, subcylindricum, fere Trochilaceum! gula plumosa: remigum 3a omnium longissima: cauda brevis, rectricibus 12. Color supra niger; subtus albus, vel capite saltem plus minus albo signato. As. s. or. Am. 7. 1. PELECANUS URILE, Gm. ... 2. CARBO penicillatus, Brandt. ... 3. HALIAEUS egretta, Bp. ... 4. CARBO bougainvillii, Less. ... 5. PELECANUS carunculatus, Gm. ... 6. CARBO purpurascens, Brandt. ... 7. PELECANUS magellanicus, Gm." (Bonaparte 1857 (Conspectus)); "Urile Bonaparte, Consp. Gen. Av., 2, p. 176, 1857—type, by tautonymy, Pelecanus Urile Gmelin." (Hellmayr & Conover 1948, XIII, 137).
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)