Estrilda Troglodytes Bird
Estrilda Troglodytes Bird
English Name:
Latin Name:
Protonym: F.[ringilla] Troglodytes Verz.Doubl.Zool.Mus.Berlin p.26
Taxonomy: Passeriformes / Estrildidae / Estrilda
Taxonomy Code: bkrwax
Type Locality: Senegambia.
Author: Lichtenstein, MHC
Publish Year: 1823
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
ESTRILDA
(Estrildidae; Ϯ Common Waxbill E. astrild) Specific name Loxia astrild Linnaeus, 1758. It has been suggested that the name derives from a German or Dutch avicultural term for a waxbill. However, an incandescent Reichenbach 1849, wrote that the name Estrelda, from astrild, was neither Latin nor English, nor anything else, and castigated the linguistically proficient authors who foisted it on the scientific community (“Der Name Estrelda, aus Astrild gemacht, ist weder lateinisch noch englisch, noch sonst etwas; man könnte ihn kaum deutsch-englisch nennen und muss erstauen, wie ein paar sprachkundige Männer ihn in die wissenschaft aufzunehmen vorsuchten”); "ESTRILDA. Rostrum breve, conicum, immarginatum. Alæ breves, rotundatæ; remige 1ma spuria, minuta, 3tia, 4ta, et 5ta æqualibus, longissimis. Cauda subelongata, gradata. ... Type. Loxia astrild. Linn. This, and the preceding genus [Amadina], appear strictly confined to the warm regions of the old world; and will detach a vast number of species from the Loxiæ and Fringillæ of Linnæus. I have endeavoured in vain to reconcile the different groups of these birds proposed by Brisson, Cuvier, and Vieillot, with any thing like a geographic or a natural arrangement; and this must be my apology for not adopting either their names or characters; the first would lead to much confusion, while the latter are artificial. The minute spurious quill, (which I have termed, for the sake of uniformity, the first), seems to be an unerring indication of an African or Asiatic origin; and I find the same character in all those I have seen from New Holland." (Swainson 1827); "Estrilda Swainson, Zool. Journ. iii, p. 349, 1827. Type by original designation, Loxia astrild Linn." (W. Sclater, 1930, Syst. Av. Aethiop., II, p. 794).
Var. Astrilda, Estrelda, Estrila.
Synon. Brunhilda, Glaucestrilda, Habropyga, Haplopyga, Krimhilda, Melpoda, Senegalus.
TROGLODYTES
(Troglodytidae; Ϯ House Wren T. aedon) Gr. τρωγλοδυτης trōglodutēs cave-dweller, wren < τρωγλη trōglē cave < τρωγω trōgō to gnaw; -δυτης -dutēs diver < δυω duō to plunge; "TROGLODYTES. .... LE TROGLODYTE ÆDON, Troglodytes ædon. ... Les oiseaux de cette petite famille, que le vulgaire et quelques Naturalistes confondent avec les Roitelets sous la même dénomination, en diffèrent non-seulement par leurs habitudes et leur naturel, mais encore par le port de leur queue, leur corps ramassé, et par tout leur ensemble. L'éloquent et profond historien de la nature leur a rendu avec raison le nom de Troglodyte que leur avoient donné les anciens, et qui peint leur goût pour les petites cavernes, les trous de muraille, et généralement tous les endroits obscurs, tandis que les Roitelets ne se plaisent que dans les lieux découverts, se tiennent sur les arbres, y nichent et s'y nourrissent. ... LE TROGLODYTE DES ROSEAUX, Troglodytes arundinaceus." (Vieillot 1809); "Troglodytes Vieillot, 1808?1 Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 2, p. 52. Type, by subsequent designation, Troglodytes aëdon Vieillot (Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 9, p. 367). ... 1 Richmond, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 327, gives Dec. 1, 1807 as the date of publication of the first livraison; presumably Vol. 2 appeared in 1808." (Paynter in Peters 1960, IX, 415). The House Wren has a wide range in the Americas, although some insular forms have been treated specifically.
Var. Troglodites, Trochlodites, Trochlodytes.
Synon. Anorthura, Nannus, Olbiorchilus, Paulomagus.
troglodytes
Gr. τρωγλοδυτης trōglodutēs cave-dweller, wren < τρωγλη trōglē cave < τρωγω trōgō to gnaw; -δυτης -dutēs -diver < δυω duō to plunge.
● ex “Troglodyte Rail” of Latham 1785 (syn. Gallirallus australis).
● "99. MOTACILLA. ... Troglodytes. 29. M. grisea, alis nigro cinereoque undulatis. Fn. svec. 232. Passer troglodytes. Gesn. av. 651. Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 4. Will. orn. 164. t. 42. Raj. av. 80. Alb. av. I. t. 53. f. B. Trochilus remigibus tessellatis. Frisch. av. . . t. 2. 4. f 3. Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Troglodytes).
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)