Phylloscopus Trochilus Bird

English Name:  Willow Warbler
Latin Name:  Phylloscopus trochilus
Protonym:  Motacilla Trochilus Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.188
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Phylloscopidae / Phylloscopus
Taxonomy Code:  wlwwar
Type Locality:  Europa = England, fide Hartert, 1907, Vogel Pal. Fauna, p. 507; restricted to England south of the Thames by Clancey, 1950, Brit. Birds, 43, p. 189.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PHYLLOSCOPUS
(Phylloscopidae; Ϯ Willow Warbler P. trochilus) Gr. φυλλον phullon  leaf; σκοπος skopos  seeker  < σκοπεω skopeō  to examine; "VI. Fam. Sylviadae Vigors. ¹  ...  Phylloscopus: Sylv. trochilus Lath. u.v.a.   ...   ¹ Von der Lebensweise dieser Vögel weiß man so viel, daß sie blühende Gewächse aufsuchen und vom Blumensaste, gewiß auch von Insecten leben. Von den Trochiliden unterscheiden sie sich hauptsächlich durch die Bildung des Schwanzes, der überhaupt schwächer, und die größere Länge der Schwungfedern, wovon man auf einen ganz verschiedenen Flug schließen darf." (Boie 1826); "Phylloscopus Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 972. Type, by monotypy, Motacilla trochilus Linnaeus." (Watson in Peters 1986, XI, 221).
Var. Blythoscopus.
Synon. Abrornis, Acanthopneuste, Asilus, Cryptigata, Cryptolopha, Cuculis, Culicipeta, Fanissa, Ficaria, Herbivocula, Mochthopoeus, Neornis, Oreopneuste, Phaeorhadina, Philomela, Phyllobasileus, Phyllopneuste, Pindalus, Pycnosphrys, Reguloides, Rhadina, Seicercus, Sibilatrix, Solifer, Sylvicola, Trocheligone, Trochilus, Zelica.

TROCHILUS
(Trochilidae; † Red-billed Streamertail T. polytmus) L. trochilus either (1) a small woodland bird or (2) a riverside bird < Gr. τροχιλος trokhilos small bird mentioned by Aristotle, identified by later writers with the wren Troglodytes.  The name was further used by Aristotle, Herodotus, Athenaios, Aristophanes, and Dionysios for the ‘crocodile-bird’ (so called because it fed on leeches from the open jaws of basking crocodiles), identified by later authors with the Egyptian Plover Pluvianus, the Spur-winged Plover Vanellus, or the Common Sandpiper Actitis.  Its use for the Jamaican Red-billed Streamertail can only allude to the former identification and the hummingbird’s small size; "60. TROCHILUS.  Rostrum subulato-filiforme, incurvatum, capite longius: Mandibula superior vaginans inferiorem.  Lingua filiformis, bipartito-tubulosa  ... Trochili aviculæ minimæ; aliæ rostro recurvo, aliæ incurvo, aliæ recto. Mel e floribus hauriunt more Bombylii, nec plantis inhærent." (Linnaeus 1758); "Trochilus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 119.  Type, by subsequent designation, Trochilus polytmus Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 14)." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 56).  Linnaeus's Trochilus comprised eighteen species (T. paradiseus, T. afer, T. Pella, T. Polytmus, T. forficatus, T. Colubris, T. Ourissia, T. Mosquitus, T. holosericeus, T. mellisugus, T. Tomineo, T. surinamensis, T. niger, T. mellivorus, T. ruber, T. Mango, T. cristatus, T. minimus).
Var. Throchilus, Trochillus, Trochils, Troglodites.
Synon. Aithurus, Mellisuga, Phaethornis, Polytmus.
• (Trochilidae; syn. Archilochus † Ruby-throated Hummingbird A. colubris). "In 1840, Gray designated T. polytmus Linn. as the type, but in 1855 changed the type to T. colubris Linn., which has been the universally recognized type ever since  ...  Article 30 [ICZN] renders it necessary to accept T. polytmus as the type of Trochilus, and some other name is necessary for the group universally known for more than half a century as Trochilus" (Allen 1908).
Var. Trochylus.
• (Trochilidae; syn. Heliomaster † Long-billed Starthroat H. longirostris) "TROCHILUS.  Rostrum rectissimum.  Cauda mediocris, æqualis, vel rotunda.   Types.  1. T. superbus, Shaw.   2. pileatus, Lath.   3. collaris, L,   4. O. M. à double huppe. Temm., Pl. col. 18. f. 3." (Swainson 1827); "Trochilus Swainson, 1827 (not Linnaeus, 1758), Zool. Journal, III (xi), p. 357.  Type, by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1879, Smithsonian Contrib. Knowledge, 317, Classif. Synop. Trochilidae, p. 82), Trochilus superbus Shaw and Nodder, 1802 = Trochilus longirostris Audebert and Vieillot, 1802." (JAJ 2020).   
• (Phylloscopidae; syn. Phylloscopus † Chiffchaff P. collybita) "SYLVIA HIPPOLAIS.  Trochilus Minor.   Lesser Pettychaps, or Lesser Willow Wren, Chiff Chaff, or Chipator" (T. Forster 1817); "c. Sylvains muscivores, Sylvanæ muscivoræ, Temminck.  -  Le G. Trochilus, Pouillot, Nob.  -  Sylvia, Swains.  -  Ancien continent" (de La Fresnaye 1839).
• (Recurvirostridae; syn. Recurvirostra † Pied Avocet R. avosetta) "86. TROCHILUS.*  Numenii species. LINN. gen. 59.  Recurvirostra Auctorum. LINN. ed. 6. gen. 56." (Moehring 1752); "86. KLUIT, in 't Latyn Trochilus.*  De [na boven staande] Krombek, Avosetta, der Schryveren. LINNAEUS. Syst. Nat. gesl. 56" (Moehring 1758).
• (Sylviidae; syn. Sylvia † Eurasian Blackcap S. atricapilla) "RENNIE, following the example of his superiors, has made changes which no law of science can justify, as for Salicaria he has substituted Ripæcola, for Rubecula, Rhondella; for Silvia, Trochilus,* &c., and thus he formed a nomenclature for his own use, as it were, for of course, no one would follow him.  ...  *The worthy professor seems to be unaware that Trochilus is the latin generic name for the Colibrees or Humming-birds." (C. T. Wood 1837).
Var. Trochillus.

trochilus
Gr. τροχιλος trokhilos  small woodland bird mentioned by Aristotle, identified by later writers with the wren.
● "99. MOTACILLA.   ...   Trochilus.  31. M. cinereo-virens, remigibus subtus flavescentibus, superciliis luteis.  Fn. svec. 236.  Regulus non cristatus. Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 2. Will. orn. 164. t. 42. Raj. av. 80. n. 10. Alb. av. 2. p. 55. t. 59. f. A. Frisch. av. . . t. 24. f. 2.  Habitat in Europa.  Conf. Locustella. Will. orn. 151.  Alauda minima locustæ voce. Raj. av. 70; pro eadem habet. Mus. petron. 380." (Linnaeus 1758) (Phylloscopus).
● "238. SYLVIA TROCHILUS.  ...  Parva et distincta etiam a longe voce singulari (Tin, Ton)." (Scopoli 1769) (syn. Phylloscopus collybita).
● Gr. τροχιλος trokhilos  unidentified riverside bird.  Wilkinson 1841, considered the Trochilus of Herodotus to be the Egyptian Plover (syn. Pluvianus aegyptius).

SUBSPECIES

Willow Warbler (acredula)
Latin Name: Phylloscopus trochilus acredula
acredula
Med. L. agredula  titmouse  < L. acredula or agredula  bird of divination, perhaps some sort of owl, mentioned by Tullius Cicero, never properly identified, but linked with various species (e.g. Goldfinch, Nightingale).
● "99. MOTACILLA.   ...   Acredula.  32. M. supra cinereo-virescens, remigibus fuscis: septimo octavo nono apice albis. Fn. svec. 237.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Phylloscopus trochilus).

Willow Warbler (trochilus)
Latin Name: Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus
TROCHILUS
(Trochilidae; † Red-billed Streamertail T. polytmus) L. trochilus either (1) a small woodland bird or (2) a riverside bird < Gr. τροχιλος trokhilos small bird mentioned by Aristotle, identified by later writers with the wren Troglodytes.  The name was further used by Aristotle, Herodotus, Athenaios, Aristophanes, and Dionysios for the ‘crocodile-bird’ (so called because it fed on leeches from the open jaws of basking crocodiles), identified by later authors with the Egyptian Plover Pluvianus, the Spur-winged Plover Vanellus, or the Common Sandpiper Actitis.  Its use for the Jamaican Red-billed Streamertail can only allude to the former identification and the hummingbird’s small size; "60. TROCHILUS.  Rostrum subulato-filiforme, incurvatum, capite longius: Mandibula superior vaginans inferiorem.  Lingua filiformis, bipartito-tubulosa  ... Trochili aviculæ minimæ; aliæ rostro recurvo, aliæ incurvo, aliæ recto. Mel e floribus hauriunt more Bombylii, nec plantis inhærent." (Linnaeus 1758); "Trochilus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 119.  Type, by subsequent designation, Trochilus polytmus Linné. (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 14)." (Peters, 1945, V, p. 56).  Linnaeus's Trochilus comprised eighteen species (T. paradiseus, T. afer, T. Pella, T. Polytmus, T. forficatus, T. Colubris, T. Ourissia, T. Mosquitus, T. holosericeus, T. mellisugus, T. Tomineo, T. surinamensis, T. niger, T. mellivorus, T. ruber, T. Mango, T. cristatus, T. minimus).
Var. Throchilus, Trochillus, Trochils, Troglodites.
Synon. Aithurus, Mellisuga, Phaethornis, Polytmus.
• (Trochilidae; syn. Archilochus † Ruby-throated Hummingbird A. colubris). "In 1840, Gray designated T. polytmus Linn. as the type, but in 1855 changed the type to T. colubris Linn., which has been the universally recognized type ever since  ...  Article 30 [ICZN] renders it necessary to accept T. polytmus as the type of Trochilus, and some other name is necessary for the group universally known for more than half a century as Trochilus" (Allen 1908).
Var. Trochylus.
• (Trochilidae; syn. Heliomaster † Long-billed Starthroat H. longirostris) "TROCHILUS.  Rostrum rectissimum.  Cauda mediocris, æqualis, vel rotunda.   Types.  1. T. superbus, Shaw.   2. pileatus, Lath.   3. collaris, L,   4. O. M. à double huppe. Temm., Pl. col. 18. f. 3." (Swainson 1827); "Trochilus Swainson, 1827 (not Linnaeus, 1758), Zool. Journal, III (xi), p. 357.  Type, by subsequent designation (Elliot, 1879, Smithsonian Contrib. Knowledge, 317, Classif. Synop. Trochilidae, p. 82), Trochilus superbus Shaw and Nodder, 1802 = Trochilus longirostris Audebert and Vieillot, 1802." (JAJ 2020).   
• (Phylloscopidae; syn. Phylloscopus † Chiffchaff P. collybita) "SYLVIA HIPPOLAIS.  Trochilus Minor.   Lesser Pettychaps, or Lesser Willow Wren, Chiff Chaff, or Chipator" (T. Forster 1817); "c. Sylvains muscivores, Sylvanæ muscivoræ, Temminck.  -  Le G. Trochilus, Pouillot, Nob.  -  Sylvia, Swains.  -  Ancien continent" (de La Fresnaye 1839).
• (Recurvirostridae; syn. Recurvirostra † Pied Avocet R. avosetta) "86. TROCHILUS.*  Numenii species. LINN. gen. 59.  Recurvirostra Auctorum. LINN. ed. 6. gen. 56." (Moehring 1752); "86. KLUIT, in 't Latyn Trochilus.*  De [na boven staande] Krombek, Avosetta, der Schryveren. LINNAEUS. Syst. Nat. gesl. 56" (Moehring 1758).
• (Sylviidae; syn. Sylvia † Eurasian Blackcap S. atricapilla) "RENNIE, following the example of his superiors, has made changes which no law of science can justify, as for Salicaria he has substituted Ripæcola, for Rubecula, Rhondella; for Silvia, Trochilus,* &c., and thus he formed a nomenclature for his own use, as it were, for of course, no one would follow him.  ...  *The worthy professor seems to be unaware that Trochilus is the latin generic name for the Colibrees or Humming-birds." (C. T. Wood 1837).
Var. Trochillus.

Willow Warbler (yakutensis)
Latin Name: Phylloscopus trochilus yakutensis
yakutensis
Yakutia, a region of eastern Siberia inhabited by the Yakuts people.