Ficedula Tricolor Bird

English Name:  Slaty-blue Flycatcher
Latin Name:  Ficedula tricolor
Protonym:  D[igenea]. tricolor Proc.Zool.Soc.London Pt13 no.146 p.26
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Muscicapidae / Ficedula
Taxonomy Code:  slbfly2
Type Locality:  cf. Biswas, 1962, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, 59, p. 812.
Author:  Hodgson
Publish Year:  1845
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

FICEDULA
(Muscicapidae; † Pied Flycatcher F. hypoleuca) L. ficedula, ficetula or ficecula  small fig-pecking bird that changed into the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla in winter  < ficus  fig (cf. specific name Motacilla ficedula Linnaeus, 1758 (= syn. Ficedula hypoleuca)); "Genus Ficedulæ.  Hujus character est  Digiti quatuor, membranis destituti; tres scilicet antici, posticus unus; omnes circiter usque ad exortum discreti:  Crura ad calcaneum usque plumosa:  Rostrum subulatum:  Nares detectæ:  Unguis digiti postici arcuatus, digitumque longitudine non superans.   ** 1. LE BECFIGUE.  ...  FICEDULA.  ...   Ficis delectatur." (Brisson 1760); ex "Ficedula" of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Jonston 1650-1653, Charleton 1668, Rzaczynski 1721, and Barrère 1745, "Ficedula quarta" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Willughby 1676, Ray 1713, and Linnaeus 1748, "Beccafico ordinario" of Olina 1622, "Curruca fusca" of Frisch 1733-1743, "Motacilla subfusca" of Linnaeus 1746, and "Sylvia rectricibus alarum macula alba" of Klein 1750; "Ficedula Brisson, 1760, Ornith., 3, p. 369.  Type, by tautonymy, Ficedula = Motacilla hypoleuca Pallas." (Watson in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 335).   
Synon. Briania, Charidhylas, Dammeria, Dendrobiastes, Digenea, Dimorpha, Erythromyias, Erythrosterna, Hedymela, Menetica, Muscicapella, Muscicapula, Muscicula, Nitidula, Ochromela, Oreicola, Poliomyias, Ripleyia, Ripleyornis, Siphia, Stoparola, Synornis, Takatsukasaia, Zanthopygia.
• (Muscicapidae; syn. Erithacus † European Robin E. rubecula) "49. Gattung. Ficedula.  129. rubecula   130. suecica   131. phoenicurus   132. thytis" (Boie 1822); "Ficedula Boie, 1822, Isis von Oken, col. 553.  Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 36), Motacilla rubecula Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021). 
• (Acrocephalidae; ?syn. Hippolais † Icterine Warbler H. icterina) "GENVS XXVIII.  FICEDVLA. Fliegenschnepper.  109. Ficedula Hippolais. La Fauvette.  ...  Mus. Schaeffer No. 241.  Briss. Av. III. 372. 2.  La Fauvette.  Linn. S. N. 12. 330. 7. Motacilla Hippolais" (Schaeffer 1789); "Ficedula Schaeffer, 1789, Mus. Ornith., p. 33.  Type, by monotypy, Motacilla hippolais Linnaeus, 1758 (has been variously identified, but generally considered unidentifiable)." (JAJ 2021).
• (Muscicapidae; syn. Phoenicurus † Common Redstart P. phoenicurus) "VI. Fam. Sylviadae. Vigors.   Ficedula Cuv.: Mot. phoenicurus Lin. u. a." (Boie 1826); "Ficedula "Cuvier" Boie, 1826, Isis von Oken, col. 972.  Type, by monotypy, Motacilla phoenicurus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
• (Phylloscopidae; syn. Phylloscopus † Willow Warbler P. trochilus ) "XXXIII. Gattung.  Laubvogel.  Ficedula.  ...  Die zierlichen Vögelchen dieser Gattung sind Waldbewohner, die in ihrer äußern Gestalt sich den Nachtigallen nähern.  Sie haben zum Hüpfen gestaltete, lange, schwache Füße.  Drei Arten.   81. Grüner Laubvogel.  Ficedula Sybilatrix.  ...  Motacilla Trochilus. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 995. n. 49.   Sylvia Sybilatrix. Bechst. orn. T. p. 176.   ...   82. Gelbfüßiger Laubvogel.  Ficedula Fitis.  ...  Motacilla Trochilus var. β. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 996. n. 49.  Motacilla Acredula. Schrank f. b. B. I. p. 184. n. 153.  Sylvia Titis. Bechst. orn. T. p. 187.   ...   83. Braunfüßiger Laubvogel.  Ficedula rufa.  ...  Motacilla rufa. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 955. n. 63.  Motacilla Trochilus. Schrank f. b. B. I. p. 193.  Sylvia rufa. Bechst. orn. T. p. 188." (Koch 1816); "Ficedula Koch, 1816, System der baierischen Zoologie, I, p. 158.  Type, by subsequent designation (G. Gray, 1841, List Genera Birds, 2nd ed., p. xi), P. hippolais auct. = Motacilla trochilus Linnaeus, 1758" (JAJ 2021).
• (Parulidae; syn. Setophaga † Northern Parula S. americana) "619. COMPSOTHLYPIS, Cab. 1850.  ...  Ficedula, Des Murs, 1853.  (Parus americanus, Linn.)" (G. Gray 1855); "Ficedula "Des Murs" G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 39 (nec auct.).  Type, by original designation and monotypy, Parus americanus Linnaeus, 1758." (JAJ 2021).
• (Parulidae; syn. Setophaga † Myrtle Warbler S. coronata) "617. DENDROICA, G. R. Gr. 1842.  Ficedula, Cuv. 1799-1800, nec Mœhr. 1752.  ...  (Sylvia coronata, Lath.)" (G. Gray 1855); "Ficedula "Cuvier" G. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds Brit. Mus., p. 39 (nec auct.).  Type, by original designation and monotypy, Sylvia coronata, Latham = Motacilla coronata Linnaeus, 1766." (JAJ 2021).
• (Sylviidae; syn. Sylvia † Eurasian Blackcap S. atricapilla) "The best and most appropriate name that has hitherto been applied to the fruit-eating birds, is the term Ficedula of Aldrovandus. The appellation Curruca (derived from the Latin word curro, to run), cannot with propriety be affixed to any genus of warblers, inasmuch as they all move forward by hopping; it would therefore, I think, be better to reject altogether the term Curruca, as objectionable and inappropriate, and consider the sylvan or fruit-warblers as constituting a genus Ficedula" (Blyth 1833); "Ficedula Blyth, 1833, Field Naturalist (ed. Rennie), I (7), p. 308.  New name for Curruca Bechstein, 1802, mistakenly considered derived from an inappropriate adjective (Curruca has a noun base)." (JAJ 2021).

ficedula
L. ficedula  small fig-eating bird that changed into the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla in winter.
● "99. MOTACILLA.  ...  Ficedula.  11. M. subfusca, subtus alba, pectore cinereo maculato. Fn. svec. 231.  Ficedula cannabina. Will. orn. 163.  Raj. av. 81. n. 12.  Alb. av. 3. p. 25. t. 26.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (unident.; ?syn. Muscicapa striata).

tricolor / tricolora
Late L. tricolor, tricoloris  tricoloured  < L. tri- three-  < tres  three; color, coloris  colour.
● ex “Ara tricolor” of Levaillant 1801, pl. 5 (‡Ara).
● ex Certhia viridis Scopoli, 1768, “Green Creeper” of Latham 1781, and “Blue-rumped Creeper” of Latham 1787 (syn. Cinnyris afer).
● ex “Grimpereau olive des Philippines” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 576, fig. 4 (syn. Cinnyris jugularis).
● ex “Pitpit à coiffe bleue” of Mauduyt de la Varenne 1784 (syn. Dacnis lineata).
● ex "Héron bleuâtre à ventre blanc de Cayenne" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl.350 (Egretta).
● ex “Azuvert” of Vieillot 1805 (Erythrura).
● ex “Baltimore bâtard du Canada” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 506, fig. 2 (syn. Icterus galbula).
● ex “Quachochopitl” of Hernandez 1651, and Ray 1713, “Picus varius mexicanus major et minor” of Brisson 1760, “Épeiche du Méxique” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Varied Woodpecker” of Latham 1782 (unident. Picidae; ?Melanerpes sp.).
● ex “Choucas chauve de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 521 (Perissocephalus).
● ex “Malkoha Rouverdin” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 225 (syn. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris).
● ex “Oie de la côte de Coromandel” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 937 (syn. Sarkidiornis melanotos).
● ex “Figuier noir et jaune de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 391, fig. 2 (syn. Setophaga ruticilla).
● ex “Chorlito tarso comprimido” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 407 (Steganopus).
● ex “Tangara varié à teste verte de Cayenne” of Brisson 1760, “Tangara varié à tête verte de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 33, fig. 1, “Tricolor” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green-headed Tanager” of Latham 1783 (syn. Tangara seledon).
● ex “Merle Tricolor à Longue Queue” of Levaillant 1802, pl. 114 (artefact).

SUBSPECIES

Slaty-blue Flycatcher (tricolor)
Latin Name: Ficedula tricolor tricolor
tricolor / tricolora
Late L. tricolor, tricoloris  tricoloured  < L. tri- three-  < tres  three; color, coloris  colour.
● ex “Ara tricolor” of Levaillant 1801, pl. 5 (‡Ara).
● ex Certhia viridis Scopoli, 1768, “Green Creeper” of Latham 1781, and “Blue-rumped Creeper” of Latham 1787 (syn. Cinnyris afer).
● ex “Grimpereau olive des Philippines” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 576, fig. 4 (syn. Cinnyris jugularis).
● ex “Pitpit à coiffe bleue” of Mauduyt de la Varenne 1784 (syn. Dacnis lineata).
● ex "Héron bleuâtre à ventre blanc de Cayenne" of d'Aubenton 1765-1781, pl.350 (Egretta).
● ex “Azuvert” of Vieillot 1805 (Erythrura).
● ex “Baltimore bâtard du Canada” (= ♀) of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 506, fig. 2 (syn. Icterus galbula).
● ex “Quachochopitl” of Hernandez 1651, and Ray 1713, “Picus varius mexicanus major et minor” of Brisson 1760, “Épeiche du Méxique” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Varied Woodpecker” of Latham 1782 (unident. Picidae; ?Melanerpes sp.).
● ex “Choucas chauve de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 521 (Perissocephalus).
● ex “Malkoha Rouverdin” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 225 (syn. Rhamphococcyx curvirostris).
● ex “Oie de la côte de Coromandel” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 937 (syn. Sarkidiornis melanotos).
● ex “Figuier noir et jaune de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 391, fig. 2 (syn. Setophaga ruticilla).
● ex “Chorlito tarso comprimido” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 407 (Steganopus).
● ex “Tangara varié à teste verte de Cayenne” of Brisson 1760, “Tangara varié à tête verte de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 33, fig. 1, “Tricolor” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Green-headed Tanager” of Latham 1783 (syn. Tangara seledon).
● ex “Merle Tricolor à Longue Queue” of Levaillant 1802, pl. 114 (artefact).

Slaty-blue Flycatcher (minuta)
Latin Name: Ficedula tricolor minuta
minuta
L. minutus  small, little  < minuere to make smaller (see also minutus).
● ex "Petit Coucou de Cayenne" of Brisson 1760 (Coccycua).
● ex “Petite Tourtourelle brun d’Amérique” of Brisson 1760 (Columbina).
● ex “Little Rail” of Latham 1785 (syn. Hapalocrex flaviventer).
● "61. ANAS.  ...  minuta.  31. A. grisea, auribus albis, remigibus primoribus nigricantibus.  Anas canadensis minor fuscus. Edw. av. 157. t. 157.  Habitat in Canada.  Parva admodum, tota grisea. Punctum album ad aures utrinque. An prioris femina?" (Linnaeus 1758) (syn. Histrionicus histrionicus ♀).
● ex “Gobe-moucheron” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Petty Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (syn. Myrmotherula brachyura).
● ex “Pico grueso pardo y canela” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 122 (syn. Sporophila hypoxantha).
● ex “Loxia grisea, uropygio subtusque ferruginea, remigibus 4, 5, 6, basi utrinque albis, cauda integra” of Rolander MS (Sporophila).
● ex “Larus piscator” of Gessner 1555, Aldrovandus 1599, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713 (syn. Sternula albifrons).

Slaty-blue Flycatcher (cerviniventris)
Latin Name: Ficedula tricolor cerviniventris
cerviniventris
L. cervinus  stag-coloured  < cervus  stag; venter, ventris  belly.

Slaty-blue Flycatcher (diversa)
Latin Name: Ficedula tricolor diversa
diversa
L. diversus  different, diverse  < divertere  to differ.
• "Arborophila diversa, sp. nov.  ...  Only the type was taken.  No specimens of Arborophila cambodiana are available for comparison, but the present bird does not agree with the description of that species, though evidently closely allied." (Riley 1930) (subsp. Arborophila cambodiana).
• "Across the Western Andes of Perú, on the eastern side of the cordillera a little to the southward, the greater extent of the light coronal patch becomes a regular feature, combined with certain other characters, and it appears desirable to recognize a separate subspecies for the birds of this region.  This form may be known as follows.   Elaenia albiceps diversa, new subspecies   TYPE from Cajabamba, northern Perú" (J. Zimmer 1941) (subsp. Elaenia albiceps).
• "To present a clearer discussion of the geographical variation of the species, I propose here as follows:   Ficedula tricolor diversa Vaurie, new subspecies   ...   Differs very distinctly from F. t. cerviniventris from Manipur and Chin Hills by lacking in both sexes the dull orange coloration of the under parts, including the throat, characteristic of these populations, and by being larger (table 1).  Similar to nominate tricolor from eastern Nepal (see discussion below) and Sikkim to northeastern Assam, but darker, more saturated." (Vaurie 1953) (subsp. Ficedula tricolor).
• "Frederickena unduligera diversa, new subspecies   ...   Similar to F. u. unduligera of the Rio Negro, Brazil, but females with under parts more brightly colored (orange-ochraceous instead of near buckthorn brown), anteriorly marked with blackish spots and crescents but not "barred," and posteriorly largely unmarked (not barred throughout).  Male not certainly different from unduligera but possibly with a greater extension of unmarked black on the breast." (J. Zimmer 1944) (subsp. Frederickena unduligera).