Tetrao Tetrix Bird

English Name:  Black Grouse
Latin Name:  Tetrao tetrix
Protonym:  Tetrao Tetrix Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.159
Taxonomy:  Galliformes / Phasianidae / Tetrao
Taxonomy Code:  blagro1
Type Locality:  'Habitat in Europae frigidae Ericetis, Betuletis'' = Sweden, ex Fn. Svec.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TETRAO
(Tetraonidae; Ϯ Great Capercaillie T. urogallus) L. tetrao, tetraonis  gamebird, name given to both the Black Grouse and the Great Capercaillie  < Gr. τετραων tetraōn, τετραωνος tetraōnos  unidentified bird, perhaps a gamebird; "Tetrao **) Linn. (urogallus)  ...  **) Nomen Tetrao s. potius Tetarus (τεταρος) primum in scriptis Regis Ptolomæi Evergetis allatum est, qua de re Athenæus memorat (Lib. XIV, 654). Avis erat phasianina, colore splendidissima, apud Nomadas Asiæ vulgaris et ex Media Alexandriam allata, ubi in arce regia, ut ornamentum alebatur; verisimiliter Phasianus pictus L.  -  Deinde vero Tetraones Linneani, urogallus et tetrix, a Plinio "Tetraones" apellantur (X, 29)" (Sundevall 1873); "91. TETRAO.  Supercilia nuda, papillosa.  *Pedibus hirsutis." (Linnaeus 1758); "Tetrao Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 159. Type, by subsequent designation, Tetrao urogallus Linné. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 62.)" (Peters 1934, II, 24). Linnaeus's Tetrao comprised thirteen species (T. Urogallus, T. Tetrix, T. canadensis, T. Lagopus, T. Phasianellus, T. Cupido, T. Bonasia, T. rufus, T. Perdix, T. virginianus, T. marilandicus, T. orientalis, T. Coturnix).
Var. Tetras, Tetra.
Synon. Capricalea, Grygallus, Lyrurus, Urogallus.

tetrao
Genus Tetrao Linnaeus, 1758, grouse.
● ex “Tinamou varié de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 828, and “perdrix Tetrao” of Boddaert 1783 (syn. Crypturellus variegatus).

tetrix
Gr. τετριξ tetrix, τετριγος tetrigos  unidentified ground-nesting bird mentioned by Aristotle (cf. Med. L. tetrex  unknown large bird, perhaps a goose); "91. TETRAO.  ...  Tetrix.  2. T. pedibus hirsutis, cauda bifurcata, remigibus secundariis basin versus albis. Fn. svec. 168.  Tetrao s. Urogallus minor. Gesn. av. 494. Aldr. orn. l. c. 7. Will. orn. 124. t. 31. Raj. av. 53. Alb. av. I. p. 22. t. 22.  Habitat in Europæ frigidæ Ericetis, Betuletis.  Exæstuat in campis obmurmurans erecta cauda tumidisque superciliis, sibilo efflans; hieme sæpe nive sepelitur; ova excludens odore privatur." (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetrao).

Tetrix
(Phasianidae; syn. Tetrao † Great Capercaillie T. urogallus) Gr. τετριξ tetrix, τετριγος tetrigos  unidentified ground-nesting bird mentioned by Aristotle; "Tetrix niger, Black Game.   Tetrix sylvicola, Capercail." (F. Morris 1837) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz); "Tetrix F. O. Morris, 1837, The Naturalist (ed. N. Wood), II (9), p. 126.  New name for Urogallus Scopoli, 1777." (JAJ 2021) (see Seiren).

SUBSPECIES

Black Grouse (britannicus)
Latin Name: Tetrao tetrix britannicus
britanica / britanniae / britannica / britannicus / brittanica
L. Britannicus Britannic, British < Britannia Britain.

Black Grouse (tetrix)
Latin Name: Tetrao tetrix tetrix
tetrix
Gr. τετριξ tetrix, τετριγος tetrigos  unidentified ground-nesting bird mentioned by Aristotle (cf. Med. L. tetrex  unknown large bird, perhaps a goose); "91. TETRAO.  ...  Tetrix.  2. T. pedibus hirsutis, cauda bifurcata, remigibus secundariis basin versus albis. Fn. svec. 168.  Tetrao s. Urogallus minor. Gesn. av. 494. Aldr. orn. l. c. 7. Will. orn. 124. t. 31. Raj. av. 53. Alb. av. I. p. 22. t. 22.  Habitat in Europæ frigidæ Ericetis, Betuletis.  Exæstuat in campis obmurmurans erecta cauda tumidisque superciliis, sibilo efflans; hieme sæpe nive sepelitur; ova excludens odore privatur." (Linnaeus 1758) (Tetrao).

Black Grouse (viridanus)
Latin Name: Tetrao tetrix viridanus
viridanum / viridanus
Mod. L. viridanus  green  < L. viridans, viridantis  green  < viridis  green  < virere  to be green.

Black Grouse (tschusii)
Latin Name: Tetrao tetrix tschusii
tschusii
Dr Viktor Ritter von Tschusi zu Schmidhoffen (1847-1924) Austrian ornithologist, founding editor of Ornithologisches Jahrbuch 1890 (subsp. Carduelis carduelis, syn. Cinclus cinclus aquaticus, syn. Corvus frugilegus, subsp. Emberiza schoeniclus, syn. Falco biarmicus erlangeri, subsp. Jynx torquilla, syn. Otus scops, syn. Poecile palustris italicus, syn. Prunella collaris, subsp. Tetrao tetrix).

Black Grouse (baikalensis)
Latin Name: Tetrao tetrix baikalensis
baicalensis / baicalicus / baikal / baikalensis
Lake Baikal or Baykal, Siberia.

Black Grouse (mongolicus)
Latin Name: Tetrao tetrix mongolicus
mongola / mongolica / mongolicus / mongolus
Mongolia. Until the early part of the 20^th century Mongolia was considered to include western Manchuria and parts of northern China.

Black Grouse (ussuriensis)
Latin Name: Tetrao tetrix ussuriensis
ussuriana / ussurianus / ussuriensis
Ussuriland or Ussuria, eastern Siberia.