Turnix Suscitator Bird

English Name:  Barred Buttonquail
Latin Name:  Turnix suscitator
Protonym:  Tetrao Suscitator Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.763
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Turnicidae / Turnix
Taxonomy Code:  barbut1
Type Locality:  Java.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TURNIX
(Turnicidae; Ϯ Striped Buttonquail T. sylvaticus) Curtailment of genus Coturnix Bonnaterre, 1791, quail (reflecting the absence of the rear toe) (cf. "The name Turnix thus signifies a small quail or 'half-quail', again hinting at the notable resemblance between buttonquails and the unrelated (and bigger) quails." (Peacock 2016)); “3^e. GENRE. {Turnix.  Le bec conique, mince, un peu recourbé: les narines prolongées jusqu'au milieu du bec: la langue entière.  ...  III^e. GENRE.  TURNIX, Turnix.  ...  Les pattes divisées en trois doigts & plus courtes que les rectrices: trois doigts nus, posés par devant; il n'y en a point par derrière.  ...  Ces oiseaux ressemblent aux Cailles par sa forme du corps; mais ils en diffèrent par la structure des pattes et par leurs mœurs.  ...  *TURNIX D'AFRIQUE. 1. T. Africanus.  Cet oiseau, que M. Desfontaines a trouvé sur les côtes de Barbarie, se rapproche du Pluvier par la structure des pattes, qui sont dépourvues du doigt postérieur; mais il a beaucoup de rapport avec la Caille par sa conformation extérieure, son vol & les couleurs de sa livrée. Il est d'un tiers plus petit que le Caille d'Europe.  ...  *LE TURNIX. 2. T. nigricollis  ...  Le Turnix ou la Caille de Madagascar, qui est représenté dans les planches enluminées, nº. 171, diffère, à certains égards, de celui qui a été décrir par M. Brisson, quoiqu'ils soient de la même espèce.  ...  *LE TURNIX DE GIBRALTAR. 3. T. Gibraltarica.  ...  *LE TURNIX D'ANDALOUSIE 4. T. Andalusica.  ...  *LE TURNIX DE L'ILE DE LUÇON. 5. T. Luzoniensis.  ...  Ce Turnix habite l'Ile de Luçon, l'une des Manilles.” (Bonnaterre 1791); "Turnix Bonnaterre, Tabl. Encyc. Méth., Orn., pt. 1, 1791, p. lxxxii, 5. Type, by subsequent designation, Tetrao gibraltaricus Gmelin = Tetrao sylvaticus Desfontaines. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63.)" (Peters 1934, II, 142). Note that Turnix Rafinesque, 1815, is a replacement name for "Tridactilis" (= Tridactylus) de Lacépède, 1801. 
Synon. Alphaturnia, Areortyx, Areoturnix, Austroturnix, Colcloughia, Hemipodius, Marianornis, Ortygis, Ortygodes, Ortyx, Tridactylus.

suscitator
L. suscitator, suscitatoris  awakener  < suscitare  to arouse.
● ex “Coturnix indica Bontii” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Coturnix javensis” of Brisson 1760, “Réveil-matin” or “Caille de Java” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Noisy Quail” of Latham 1783 (Turnix).

SUBSPECIES

Barred Buttonquail (taigoor)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator taigoor
taigoor
Perhaps from Hindu mythology, or a local name for a gamebird (Hodgson in Gray 1844, used taigur); "164. HEMIPODIUS TAIGOOR.  ...  Closely resembles the female of Hem. pugnax as described by M. Temminck, but the bill is longer and more slender, and Colonel Sykes has specimens of both sexes.  Sexes alike." (Sykes 1832, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London, pt. II, 155) (subsp. Turnix suscitator).

Barred Buttonquail (leggei)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator leggei
leggei
● Capt. Hon. Gerald Legge (1882-1915) British Army, explorer on the Ruwenzori Expedition 1905-1906 (subsp. Anthus brachyurus).
● Lt.-Col. William Vincent Legge (1841-1918) Australian Army, naturalist in Ceylon 1868-1883 (Secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society, Ceylon), co-founder and first President of the RAOU 1901 (syn. Charadrius alexandrinus seebohmi, syn. Chlidonias hybrida, subsp. Hemipus picatus, subsp. Kittacincla malabarica, subsp. Malurus cyaneus, subsp. Otus sunia, subsp. Prinia hodgsonii, subsp. Treron bicinctus, subsp. Turnix suscitator).

Barred Buttonquail (plumbipes)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator plumbipes
plumbipes
L. plumbeus  plumbeous  < plumbum  lead; pes, pedis  foot  < Gr. πους pous, ποδος podos  foot.

Barred Buttonquail (bengalensis)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator bengalensis
bengalensis
Bengal, India (from local name Bangala). Historically, Bengal comprised the greater part of northern India.
● ex “Little Indian Kingfisher” of Edwards 1743, “Ispida Bengalensis” of Brisson 1760, “Martin-pêcheur de Bengale” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Indian Kingsfisher” of Latham 1782 (subsp. Alcedo atthis).
● ex “Lark-heeled Cuckow” of Brown 1776, and Latham 1782 (Centropus).
● ex “Bengal Vulture” of Latham 1781 (Gyps).
● ex “Indian Bustard” of Edwards 1758, and Latham 1783, “Pluvialis bengalensis major” of Brisson 1760, and “Churge” or “Outarde moyenne des Indes” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Houbaropsis).

Barred Buttonquail (okinavensis)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator okinavensis
okinavae / okinavensis / okinawae
Okinawa-jima, Okinawa Group, Ryūkyū Is., Japan.

Barred Buttonquail (rostratus)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator rostratus
rostratum / rostratus
L. rostratus  beaked, large-billed  < rostrum  beak.
● “nearly allied to Timalia, but having a moderately stout warbler’s bill” (Blyth 1842) (Trichastoma).

Barred Buttonquail (blakistoni)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator blakistoni
blakistoni
Capt. Thomas Wright Blakiston (1832-1892) English naturalist, explorer in Canada, China and Japan (syn. Alauda arvensis pekinensis, subsp. Anthus spinoletta, Bubo, syn. Delichon dasypus, syn. Locustella ochotensis, syn. Motacilla alba lugens, subsp. Turnix suscitator).

Barred Buttonquail (pallescens)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator pallescens
pallescens
L. pallescens, pallescentis  pale-coloured, yellowish  < pallescere  to turn pale  <  pallere  to be pale.

Barred Buttonquail (thai)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator thai
thai
Thai, a people and their language of Thailand.

Barred Buttonquail (atrogularis)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator atrogularis
atrogularis
L. ater  black; Mod. L. gularis throated  < L. gula  throat.
● ex “Coliou Rayé à Gorge Noire” of Levaillant 1808, pl. 259 (syn. Colius striatus nigricollis).
● ex “Vanneau armé de Goa” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, and Parra goensis J. Gmelin, 1789 (syn. Vanellus indicus).

Barred Buttonquail (suscitator)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator suscitator
suscitator
L. suscitator, suscitatoris  awakener  < suscitare  to arouse.
● ex “Coturnix indica Bontii” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Coturnix javensis” of Brisson 1760, “Réveil-matin” or “Caille de Java” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Noisy Quail” of Latham 1783 (Turnix).

Barred Buttonquail (baweanus)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator baweanus
baweana / baweanum / baweanus
Bawean I., Java Sea, Indonesia.

Barred Buttonquail (fasciatus)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator fasciatus
fasciatum / fasciatus
Late L. fasciatus banded  < L. fascia  band, stripe.
● ex “Calao Longibande” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 233 (Lophoceros).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à poitrine tachetée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 574, fig. 3 (Myiophobus).
● ex “Ynambuí” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 327 (syn. Nothura maculosa).
● ex “Merle des Moluques” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 257 (syn. Pitta moluccensis).
● ex “Gélinotte des Indes” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Pterocles indicus).

Barred Buttonquail (haynaldi)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator haynaldi
haynaldi
Dr Lajos Haynaldi (1826-1891) Hungarian botanist (Ixos, subsp. Turnix suscitator).

Barred Buttonquail (nigrescens)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator nigrescens
nigrescens
L. nigrescens, nigrescentis  blackish  < nigrescere  to become black  < niger  black.

Barred Buttonquail (rufilatus)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator rufilatus
rufilatum / rufilatus
L. rufus red; latus flank, side (cf. erroneous “rufilatus (L) = red hair” (Hockey et al. 2005)).

Barred Buttonquail (powelli)
Latin Name: Turnix suscitator powelli
powelli
● Revd. Thomas Powell (1817-1887) English missionary to Samoa 1845-1848, 1854-1885, and the New Hebrides 1848-1854 (‡subsp. Clytorhynchus vitiensis).
● "I name this race after Mr. H. L. Powell, who accompanied me to Crete and prepared all my specimens" (Meinertzhagen 1920) (syn. Otus scops cycladum).
● Commander Richard ffolliott Powell (1851-1938) Royal Navy in the East Indies 1883 (subsp. Turnix suscitator).