Tanygnathus Sumatranus Bird

English Name:  Azure-rumped Parrot
Latin Name:  Tanygnathus sumatranus
Protonym:  Psittacus Sumatranus Trans.Linn.Soc.London(1), 13 p.281
Taxonomy:  Psittaciformes / Psittaculidae / Tanygnathus
Taxonomy Code:  azrpar1
Type Locality:  
Author:  Raffles
Publish Year:  1822
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

TANYGNATHUS
(Psittacidae; Ϯ Great-billed Parrot T. megalorynchos) Gr. τανυω tanuō  to stretch out  < τεινω teinō  to stretch; γναθος gnathos  jaw; "Genus XXII. Tanygnathus *) Wagl.  Schnabelsittich.  Rostrum Sittaces, maxilla maxima, admodum arcuata, acutissima; cauda longa, latiuscula, cuneata (oculi perquam parvi).  Reliqua Sittaces.   Australiae (an quoque Asiae?) incolae; vitae ratio ignota.   Species: 1. T. macrorhynchus. — 2. T. marginatus.   ...   *Tανυω extendo, γναθος maxilla." (Wagler 1832); "Tanygnathus Wagler, Abh. K. Bayer. Acad. Wiss., Math.-Phys. Kl., 1, 1832, p. 501. Type, by subsequent designation, T. macrorhynchus (L.) Wagl., Pl. enlum., no. 713 = Psittacus megalorynchos Boddaert. (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 52.)" (Peters 1937, III, 238).
Synon. Erythrostomus.

sumatrae / sumatrana / sumatranum / sumatranus / sumatrensis
Sumatra, Dutch East Indies / Indonesia  < Sanskrit Samudra  sea (a name subsequently mangled by European travellers).
● ex “Malacca Partridge” of Latham 1823 (syn. Caloperdix oculeus).
● Perhaps the “Polo Condor Gull” of Latham 1801 (Sterna).
● Erroneous TL. Sumatra (= Celebes / Sulawesi) (Tanygnathus).

SUBSPECIES

Azure-rumped Parrot (duponti)
Latin Name: Tanygnathus sumatranus duponti
duponti / dupontii
● John Eleuthère DuPont (1938-2010) US philanthropist, zoologist, founder of the Delaware Mus. of Natural History 1957, who served a sentence for murder 1997-2010 (subsp. Aimophila ruficeps, subsp. Tanygnathus everetti).
● Léonard Puech Dupont (1796-1828) French anatomical artisan, natural history dealer, early trochilidist (Chersophilus ("Cette attribution a été combattue par P. Géroudet qui, devant l'existence de plusiers Dupont et l'incertitude de leur paternité pour le nom de l'oiseau, a proposé de le nommer Sirli ricoti (un des noms espagnols de l'oiseau, d'origine onomatopéique)" (Cabard & Chauvet 2003)), syn. Pachyramphus viridis).
● "Nous sommes redevables de la communication de la seule espèce connue à M. Dupont" (Lesson 1832). This eponym refers either to Léonard Puech Dupont (1796-1828) French anatomical artisan and early trochilidist, or his brother Richard-Henry Puech Dupont (1798-1873) French entomologist and conchologist, who provided specimens from Léonard's collection to Lesson (Tilmatura).

Azure-rumped Parrot (freeri)
Latin Name: Tanygnathus sumatranus freeri
freeri
Prof. Paul Caspar Freer (1862-1912) US physician in the Philippines 1901-1912, Superintendent Philippines Board of Health 1901-1905, Director Manila Bureau of Science 1905-1912 (subsp. Tanygnathus everetti).

Azure-rumped Parrot (everetti)
Latin Name: Tanygnathus sumatranus everetti
everetti / everettii
Alfred Hart Everett (1848-1898) English administrator in Sarawak 1872-1890, naturalist, collector in the Philippines and East Indies (Arachnothera, syn. Bradypterus castaneus, subsp. Cacomantis vaiolosus, subsp. Cyornis concretus, Dicaeum, syn. Dicaeum hypoleucum pontifex, Dinopium, syn. Ducula pickeringii, subsp. Edolisoma mindanense, syn. Eudynamys orientalis picatus, syn. Gerygone inornata, subsp. Horornis flavolivaceus, Hypsipetes, subsp. Lonchura leucogastra, subsp. Mixornis bornensis, syn. Ninox spilocephala reyi, Otus, subsp. Pachycephala fulvotincta, subsp. Phyllergates cucullatus, subsp. Phylloscopus poliocephalus, subsp. Pnoepyga pusilla, subsp. Ptilinopus cinctus, Rhyticeros, syn. Sasia abnormis, Symposiachrus, Tanygnathus, Tesia, subsp. Treron axillaris, Turnix, syn. Tyto alba delicatula, Yuhina, Zoothera, Zosterops).

Azure-rumped Parrot (burbidgii)
Latin Name: Tanygnathus sumatranus burbidgii
burbidgei / burbidgii
Frederick William Burbidge (1847-1905) British botanist, horticulturalist, plant-collector, explorer in the Far East (syn. Otus rufescens, subsp. Tanygnathus everetti).

Azure-rumped Parrot (sangirensis)
Latin Name: Tanygnathus sumatranus sangirensis
sanghirana / sanghirense / sanghirensis / sangirensis
Sanghir I., Dutch East Indies / Sangihe I., Indonesia.

Azure-rumped Parrot (sumatranus)
Latin Name: Tanygnathus sumatranus sumatranus
sumatrae / sumatrana / sumatranum / sumatranus / sumatrensis
Sumatra, Dutch East Indies / Indonesia  < Sanskrit Samudra  sea (a name subsequently mangled by European travellers).
● ex “Malacca Partridge” of Latham 1823 (syn. Caloperdix oculeus).
● Perhaps the “Polo Condor Gull” of Latham 1801 (Sterna).
● Erroneous TL. Sumatra (= Celebes / Sulawesi) (Tanygnathus).