Jacana Spinosa Bird

English Name:  Northern Jacana
Latin Name:  Jacana spinosa
Protonym:  Fulica spinosa Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.152
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Jacanidae / Jacana
Taxonomy Code:  norjac
Type Locality:  South America ex Edwards, Nat. Hist. Bds., p. 48, pi. 48. '' I was told it was brought from Carthagena. ...'' Error = Panama, substituted as type locaUty by Todd, antea, p. 219.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

JACANA
(Jacanidae; Ϯ Wattled Jaçana J. jacana) Portuguese name Jaçana for the Wattled Jaçana  < Tupí name Yassānā or Yahānā  very alert bird or very noisy bird, for a gallinule or some other waterbird; "Jacana. Genus 71.  ...  Genus Jacanæ.  Hujus character est Digiti quatuor, membranis destituti; tres scilicet antici, posticus unus: Crura in parte inferiore plumis denudata: Rostrum rectum, in apice crassius: Unguiculi longissimi.  ...  1. LE JACANA.  ...  JACANA.  ...  Il est de la grosseur d'un Pigeon; mais il a le col & les pieds beaucoup plus longs" (Brisson 1760): based on "Jacana" of Marcgrave 1648, Jonston 1650-1653, Piso 1658, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713; "Jacana Brisson, Orn., 1, p. 48, 5, p. 121, 1760—type, by tautonymy, "Jacana" Brisson = Parra Jacana Linnaeus." (Hellmayr & Conover, 1948, XIII, 1).
Synon. Asarcia, Parra.
● (syn. Jacana Ϯ Wattled Jaçana J. jacana) "2. Sous-famille. RALLIA. Les Ralliens. Bec droit allongé.  G. 9. Jacana R. Parra L.  10. Scolopax L.  11. Rallus L.  12. Porphyrio Bris." (Rafinesque 1815) (see Parra).

jacana
Portuguese name Jaçana for the Wattled Jaçana  < Tupí name Yassānā or Yahānā  very alert bird or very noisy bird, for a gallinule or some other waterbird (cf. Güaraní name Jahâná for a moorhen); ex “Jacana quarta species” of Marcgrave 1648, “Chirurgien brun” of Brisson 1760, and “Spur-winged Water-hen of Brazil” of Edwards 1764 (Jacana).

spinosa / spinosus
L. spinosus  thorny  < spina  thorn.
● "82. FULICA.  ...  spinosa.  4. F. fronte carunculata, corpore variegato, humeris spinosis, digitis simplicibus, ungue postico longissimo.  Gallinula alis cornubus donatis. Edw. av. 48. t. 48.  Habitat in America australi.  Unguis posticus rectus, digito longior. Pollex unius articuli insistens. Remiges virides." (Linnaeus 1758) (Jacana).
● ex “Sarcelle à queue épineuse” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 967, and “Spinous-tailed Teal” of Latham 1785 (syn. Nomonyx dominicus).
● "79. CHARADRIUS.  ...  spinosus.  11. C. remigibus pectore abdomine pedibusque atris, rectricibus dimidiato-albis, humeris spinosis.  Charadrius spinosus. Hasselq. itin. 260. 270.  Habitat in Ægypto.  Humeri spinosi, ut in Fulica spinosa, singulares sunt." (Linnaeus 1758) (Vanellus).

SUBSPECIES

Northern Jacana (gymnostoma)
Latin Name: Jacana spinosa gymnostoma
gymnostoma
Gr. γυμνος gumnos  bare, naked; στομα stoma, στοματος stomatos  mouth.

Northern Jacana (spinosa)
Latin Name: Jacana spinosa spinosa
spinosa / spinosus
L. spinosus  thorny  < spina  thorn.
● "82. FULICA.  ...  spinosa.  4. F. fronte carunculata, corpore variegato, humeris spinosis, digitis simplicibus, ungue postico longissimo.  Gallinula alis cornubus donatis. Edw. av. 48. t. 48.  Habitat in America australi.  Unguis posticus rectus, digito longior. Pollex unius articuli insistens. Remiges virides." (Linnaeus 1758) (Jacana).
● ex “Sarcelle à queue épineuse” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 967, and “Spinous-tailed Teal” of Latham 1785 (syn. Nomonyx dominicus).
● "79. CHARADRIUS.  ...  spinosus.  11. C. remigibus pectore abdomine pedibusque atris, rectricibus dimidiato-albis, humeris spinosis.  Charadrius spinosus. Hasselq. itin. 260. 270.  Habitat in Ægypto.  Humeri spinosi, ut in Fulica spinosa, singulares sunt." (Linnaeus 1758) (Vanellus).

Northern Jacana (violacea)
Latin Name: Jacana spinosa violacea
violacea
L. violaceus  violet-coloured, violaceous  < viola  violet.
● ex “Grand Traquet des Phillippines” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 185, fig. 2 (syn. Agropsar philippensis).
● ex “Fringilla violacea, fronte subtusque flavissima” of Linnaeus 1746 (Euphonia).
● "76. ARDEA.  ...  violacea.  12. A. crista flava, corpore nigro-cærulescente, fascia temporali alba.  Ardea stellaris cristata americana. Catesb. car. 1. p. 79. t. 79.  Habitat in America septentrionali." (Linnaeus 1758) (Nyctanassa).
● ex “Hirondelle de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 722 (syn. Progne subis).
● ex "Coccothraustes purpurea. Purple Gross-beak" of Catesby 1731 (Pyrrhulagra).