Troglodytes Solstitialis Bird

English Name:  Mountain Wren
Latin Name:  Troglodytes solstitialis
Protonym:  Troglodytes solstitialis Proc.Zool.Soc.London(1858) (1858), Pt26 no.381 p.550
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Troglodytidae / Troglodytes
Taxonomy Code:  mouwre1
Type Locality:  Matos and Pinipi, near Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador.
Author:  Sclater, PL
Publish Year:  1859
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TROGLODYTES
(Troglodytidae; Ϯ House Wren T. aedon) Gr. τρωγλοδυτης trōglodutēs  cave-dweller, wren  < τρωγλη trōglē  cave  < τρωγω trōgō  to gnaw; -δυτης -dutēs  diver  < δυω duō  to plunge; "TROGLODYTES.   ....   LE TROGLODYTE ÆDON, Troglodytes ædon.   ...   Les oiseaux de cette petite famille, que le vulgaire et quelques Naturalistes confondent avec les Roitelets sous la même dénomination, en diffèrent non-seulement par leurs habitudes et leur naturel, mais encore par le port de leur queue, leur corps ramassé, et par tout leur ensemble. L'éloquent et profond historien de la nature leur a rendu avec raison le nom de Troglodyte que leur avoient donné les anciens, et qui peint leur goût pour les petites cavernes, les trous de muraille, et généralement tous les endroits obscurs, tandis que les Roitelets ne se plaisent que dans les lieux découverts, se tiennent sur les arbres, y nichent et s'y nourrissent.   ...   LE TROGLODYTE DES ROSEAUX, Troglodytes arundinaceus." (Vieillot 1809); "Troglodytes Vieillot, 1808?¹ Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 2, p. 52. Type, by subsequent designation, Troglodytes aëdon Vieillot (Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., 9, p. 367).   ...   ¹ Richmond, 1899, Auk, 16, p. 327, gives Dec. 1, 1807 as the date of publication of the first livraison; presumably Vol. 2 appeared in 1808." (Paynter in Peters 1960, IX, 415). The House Wren has a wide range in the Americas, although some insular forms have been treated specifically.
Var. Troglodites, Trochlodites, Trochlodytes.
Synon. Anorthura, Nannus, Olbiorchilus, Paulomagus.

troglodytes
Gr. τρωγλοδυτης trōglodutēs  cave-dweller, wren  < τρωγλη trōglē  cave  < τρωγω trōgō  to gnaw; -δυτης -dutēs  -diver  < δυω duō  to plunge.
● ex “Troglodyte Rail” of Latham 1785 (syn. Gallirallus australis).
● "99. MOTACILLA.  ...  Troglodytes.  29. M. grisea, alis nigro cinereoque undulatis. Fn. svec. 232.  Passer troglodytes. Gesn. av. 651. Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 4. Will. orn. 164. t. 42. Raj. av. 80. Alb. av. I. t. 53. f. B.  Trochilus remigibus tessellatis. Frisch. av. . . t. 2. 4. f 3.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Troglodytes).

solsticialis / solstitialis
L. solstitialis  of summer  < solstitium summer  < sol, solis  sun.
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  solstitialis.  7. P. macrourus luteus, alarum tectricibus viridibus, cauda forficata.  Psittacus angolensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 13. t. 13.  Habitat in Guinea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Aratinga).

SUBSPECIES

Mountain Wren (solitarius)
Latin Name: Troglodytes solstitialis solitarius
solitaria / solitaris / solitarius
L. solitarius  solitary  < solus, solius  alone.
● According to Fraser in P. Sclater 1859a, the Solitary Shrike Tyrant was called “el Solitario” by the Spanish settlers of Ecuador (Agriornis).
● ex “Coucou Solitaire” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 206 (Cuculus).
● ex “Green-headed Bunting” of Latham 1785 (syn. Emberiza hortulana).
● “Solitary Sparrow  ...  It is wont to sit alone on the tops of ancient Edifices and Roofs of Churches, singing most sweetly, especially in the Morning, whence it took its name” (Ray 1678); "95. TURDUS.  ...  solitarius.  14. T. cæruleus, remigibus rectricibusque nigris, abdomine lineolis cinereis undulato.  Passer solitarius. Willugb. orn. 191. Raj. av. 66. Edw. av. 18. t. 18. Olin. av. 14. Act. Ups. 1750. p. 21.  Habitat in Oriente.  Mas cæruleus; Femina cinerea, subtus lineolis albis & cinereis undulata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Monticola).
● (Statius Müller 1776) ex “Merle solitaire de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 2 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Passera solitaria” of Olina 1622, “Solitary Sparrow” of Willughby 1676, “Passer solitarius” of Ray 1713, “Merula solitaria” of Brisson 1760, “Merle solitaire” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Monticola solitarius).
● ex “Suirirí chorreado todo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 196 (Myiodynastes).
● ex “Solitaire” of Leguat 1708, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Dodo” of Latham 1785: “not met with in flocks, scarcely more than two being found together” (‡Pezophaps).
● ex “Solitary Parrot” of Latham 1787 (Phigys).
● ex “Japú negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 58 (Procacicus).
● ex “Oiseau Solitaire” of Carré 1669, and “Solitaire” of Dubois 1674 (this bird was formerly thought to be a species of dodo Raphus) (‡Threskiornis).
● ex “Ynambú Mocoicogoé” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 332 (Tinamus).
● "This new species inhabits the watery solitudes of our highest mountains during the summer, from Kentucky to New York" (A. Wilson 1813) (Tringa).

Mountain Wren (solstitialis)
Latin Name: Troglodytes solstitialis solstitialis
solsticialis / solstitialis
L. solstitialis  of summer  < solstitium summer  < sol, solis  sun.
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  solstitialis.  7. P. macrourus luteus, alarum tectricibus viridibus, cauda forficata.  Psittacus angolensis. Alb. av. 3. p. 13. t. 13.  Habitat in Guinea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Aratinga).

Mountain Wren (macrourus)
Latin Name: Troglodytes solstitialis macrourus
macroura / macrouros / macrourus / macrura
Gr. μακρος makros  long; -ουρος -ouros  -tailed  < ουρα oura  tail.
● ex “Coliou de l’isle Panay” of Sonnerat 1776 (syn. Colius striatus).
● ex “Long-tailed Finch” of Latham 1783 (syn. Emberizoides herbicola).
● ex “Guainumbi” of Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Mellivora avis maxima” of Sloane 1725, “Mellisuga cayenensis, cauda bifurca” of Brisson 1760, “Oiseau-mouche à longue queue couleur d’acier brune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Cayenne forktailed Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (Eupetomena).
● ex "Long-tailed Grosbeak" of Latham 1783 (Euplectes).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à longue queue de Gingi” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Long-tailed Thrush” of Latham 1783 (subsp. Kittacincla malabarica).
● ex “Petite Fauvette tachetée du cap de bonne espérance” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 752, fig. 2, and “Great-tailed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Prinia maculosa).
● ex “Coliou hupé du Sénégal” of Brisson 1760 (Urocolius).
● "92. COLUMBA.  ...  macroura.  16. C. cauda cuneiformi longa, pectore purpurascente.  Columba macroura. Edw. av. 15. t. 15.  Palumbus migratorius. Catesb. car. I. p. 23. t. 23 [= Ectopistes].  Habitat in Canada; hybernat in Carolina." (Linnaeus 1758) (Zenaida).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à tête bleue de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776 (unident.).

Mountain Wren (frater)
Latin Name: Troglodytes solstitialis frater
frater
L. frater  brother (i.e. closely related).
● "CRINIGER FRATER, sp. n.  ♂ ad. affinis C. gutturali, sed pectore ochrascenti-flavo et subcaudalibus ochrascentibus distinguendus ... This new species is very closely allied to two others, viz. C. gutturalis and C. gularis, all of them having brown heads and olive-green backs" (Sharpe 1877) (Alophoixus).
● "The difference in color appears very slight.  I attach more importance to the discrepancies in size and proportions.  If the Pacific bird be really distinct from the American, it has probably yet to receive a name; for it is very different from the various species of Anous mostly described by Mr. Gould.  In that event, it may be called a ANOUS FRATER." (Coues 1862) (syn. Anous stolidus pileatus).
● "Schließt als dritte Form an C. rufopileata und soror sich an.  ...  Durch die allerdings nur undeutliche Fleckung des Rückens nähert sich die Art der C. chiniana." (Reichenow 1916) (subsp. Cisticola chiniana). 
● "Species H. rufo-marginato maxime affinis, sed interscapulio non nigro et remigum colore castaneo saturatiore satis diversa" (P. Sclater & Salvin 1880) (subsp. Herpsilochmus scapularis).
● “Species assimilis M. carinatae [= Monarcha melanopsis] ex Australia et ejusdem formae, sed facie angustiore nigra et ventre saturatiore castaneo diversa” (P. Sclater, 1874) (Monarcha).
● “The occurrence of two typical species of Amydrus [i.e. Onychognathus frater and Onychognathus blythii] in so small an island as Socotra is very curious; but there seems to be no doubt about the fact” (P. Sclater & Hartlaub, 1881) (Onychognathus).
● "Similar to T. solstitialis, but differs in the eyebrow and eyelid being white instead of rufous or buff, and in the whiter axillaries and under wing-coverts.  ... The White-browed House-Wren replaces the foregoing species [T. solstitialis] in Bolivia" (Sharpe 1881) (subsp. Troglodytes solstitialis).

Mountain Wren (auricularis)
Latin Name: Troglodytes solstitialis auricularis
auriculare / auricularis
Med. L. auricularis  ear, eared  < L. auricula  ear  < dim. auris  ear.
● ex “Oricou” of Levaillant 1796, pl. 9 < French oreille  ear; cou  neck (syn. Torgos tracheliotus).