Tinamus Solitarius Bird

English Name:  Solitary Tinamou
Latin Name:  Tinamus solitarius
Protonym:  Cryptura solitaria Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat. 34 p.105
Taxonomy:  Tinamiformes / Tinamidae / Tinamus
Taxonomy Code:  soltin1
Type Locality:  Paraguay.
Author:  Vieillot
Publish Year:  1819
IUCN Status:  Near Threatened

DEFINITIONS

TINAMUS
(Tinamidae; Ϯ Great Tinamou T. major) Galibi (Cayenne) name Tinamú for the tinamous (cf. Wayāpi name Inämu); "alterius dudum demum post exaratam tabulam in cognitionem veni, novi scilicet generis quod Tinami nomine ab ill. BUFFONIO º) propositum inter Otides minores Perdicesque ambigit.   ...º) Ornithol. T. IV. ed. 4to. p. 502. Non video quid impediat, quo minus & latina lingua hoc nomen Tinamus pro designando americano avium genere recipiatur. Characterem ejus condere & nervose describere, suoque ordine anceps genus ponere, alii qui ipse viderit relinquo. Inter Otides & Perdices locandum judicat BUFFON. l. c. & Otidis generi subjungendum p. 503. A gallinaceis utique differt rostro non fornicato, sed gracili, producto, obtuso, naribus in medio locatis, nulla sine dubio membrana cornea semiclausis, tibiis parum denudatis, digito postico brevi a terra elevato, quod ultimum tamen etiam in nonnullis gallinaceis occurrit. Sed volatu gravi, ovis pluribus, nido in terra, pulveratrice natura, gallinaceæ utique gentis.  ...  [tabula] Tin. Soui. ——Tinamus. B." (Hermann 1783): based on “Tinamous” of de Buffon 1770-1783; "GENUS LV.  TINAMUS.  Rostrum longiusculum, obtusum; nares in medio rostri.  Rictus ampla.  Latera capitis subdenudata.  Cauda breviuscula.  Pedes tetradactyli, digito postico a terra elevato.  1. brasiliensis.  ...  2. cinereus.  ...  3. variegatus.  ...  4. Soui." (Latham 1790); "Tinamus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 633. Type, by subsequent designation, Tinamus brasiliensis Latham = Tetrao major Gmelin (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63." (Peters 1931, 1, 12); "Tinamus Hermann,¹ Tabl. Aff. Anim., pp. 164, 235, 1783—based on "Les Tinamous" Buffon (Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 502, 1778); type, by subs. desig. (Apstein, Sitzungsb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1915, p. 197), Tetrao major Gmelin [= "Le Magoua" Buffon].  ...  ¹ Tinamus, though universally credited to Latham (Ind. Orn., 2, p. 633, 1790), was already proposed by Hermann for Buffon's "Les Tinamous," comprising the four species listed by Latham. Apstein appears to have been the first to select a genotype for Tinamus Hermann. Fortunately, it is the same species as the one designated by G. R. Gray (List Gen. Bds., p. 63, 1840) as genotype of Tinamus Latham, viz., Tetrao major Gmelin." (Hellmayr & Conover 1942, XIII, 6-7).
Var. Tinnamus, Tinamu.
Synon. Cryptura, Crypturus, Pezus, Trachypelmus.

solitaria / solitaris / solitarius
L. solitarius  solitary  < solus, solius  alone.
● According to Fraser in P. Sclater 1859a, the Solitary Shrike Tyrant was called “el Solitario” by the Spanish settlers of Ecuador (Agriornis).
● ex “Coucou Solitaire” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 206 (Cuculus).
● ex “Green-headed Bunting” of Latham 1785 (syn. Emberiza hortulana).
● “Solitary Sparrow  ...  It is wont to sit alone on the tops of ancient Edifices and Roofs of Churches, singing most sweetly, especially in the Morning, whence it took its name” (Ray 1678); "95. TURDUS.  ...  solitarius.  14. T. cæruleus, remigibus rectricibusque nigris, abdomine lineolis cinereis undulato.  Passer solitarius. Willugb. orn. 191. Raj. av. 66. Edw. av. 18. t. 18. Olin. av. 14. Act. Ups. 1750. p. 21.  Habitat in Oriente.  Mas cæruleus; Femina cinerea, subtus lineolis albis & cinereis undulata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Monticola).
● (Statius Müller 1776) ex “Merle solitaire de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 2 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Passera solitaria” of Olina 1622, “Solitary Sparrow” of Willughby 1676, “Passer solitarius” of Ray 1713, “Merula solitaria” of Brisson 1760, “Merle solitaire” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Monticola solitarius).
● ex “Suirirí chorreado todo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 196 (Myiodynastes).
● ex “Solitaire” of Leguat 1708, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Dodo” of Latham 1785: “not met with in flocks, scarcely more than two being found together” (‡Pezophaps).
● ex “Solitary Parrot” of Latham 1787 (Phigys).
● ex “Japú negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 58 (Procacicus).
● ex “Oiseau Solitaire” of Carré 1669, and “Solitaire” of Dubois 1674 (this bird was formerly thought to be a species of dodo Raphus) (‡Threskiornis).
● ex “Ynambú Mocoicogoé” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 332 (Tinamus).
● "This new species inhabits the watery solitudes of our highest mountains during the summer, from Kentucky to New York" (A. Wilson 1813) (Tringa).