Anthipes Solitaris Bird

English Name:  Rufous-browed Flycatcher
Latin Name:  Anthipes solitaris
Protonym:  Muscicapa solitaris Tijdschr.Nat.Gesch.Phys. 2(1835) p.351
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Muscicapidae / Anthipes
Taxonomy Code:  rubfly3
Type Locality:  Sumatra. Types from Mt. Singgalang, western Sumatra, fide Finsch, 1901, Notes Leyden Mus., 22, p. 207.
Author:  Müller, S
Publish Year:  1836
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

ANTHIPES
(Muscicapidae; Ϯ White-gorgetted Flycatcher A. monileger gularis) Genus Anthus Bechstein, 1805, pipit; L. pes, pedis  foot  < Gr. πους pous, ποδος podos  foot; “Anthipes, nobis.  This would probably be classed by Mr. Swainson with his Fluvicolinæ, or "Water-chats."  With the general form of a Pratincola, it combines a Flycatcher’s bill, and the toes and claws of an Anthus or Pipit.  Beak flattened, rather wide at base, and narrowing evenly to the tip; the ridge of the upper mandible distinctly angulated, and its tip considerably overhanging that of the lower mandible, and (as usual in such cases) emarginated: nostrils basal, nearly closed by the membrane, their aperture a narrow lateral fissure: gape armed with fine but firm vibrissæ.  Tarse slender, as long as the middle toe with its claw: the toes and claws suited for running, as in the Pipits; the middle front claw greatly exceeding the two lateral ones, and the hind claw as long as the toe, and but slightly curved, as are also the other claws.  Wings moderate, rounded; the fourth, fifth, and sixth primaries sub-equal and longest, the third and seventh rather shorter, the second much shorter, and the first half the length of trhe second.  Tail even, of moderate length, or somewhat short, the wings reaching half-way to its tip.  Plumage full and dense.    A. gularis, nobis.   ...   From Arracan, where discovered by Capt. Phayre.  The Dimorpha? moniliger, Hodgson, Ann. Mag. N. H. 1845, p. 196. would seem, from the description, to approximate the above species in its markings.” (Blyth 1847); "Anthipes Blyth, 1847, Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 16, p. 122. Type, by monotypy, Anthipes gularis Blyth." (Watson in Peters, 1986, XI, p. 335).

solitaria / solitaris / solitarius
L. solitarius  solitary  < solus, solius  alone.
● According to Fraser in P. Sclater 1859a, the Solitary Shrike Tyrant was called “el Solitario” by the Spanish settlers of Ecuador (Agriornis).
● ex “Coucou Solitaire” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 206 (Cuculus).
● ex “Green-headed Bunting” of Latham 1785 (syn. Emberiza hortulana).
● “Solitary Sparrow  ...  It is wont to sit alone on the tops of ancient Edifices and Roofs of Churches, singing most sweetly, especially in the Morning, whence it took its name” (Ray 1678); "95. TURDUS.  ...  solitarius.  14. T. cæruleus, remigibus rectricibusque nigris, abdomine lineolis cinereis undulato.  Passer solitarius. Willugb. orn. 191. Raj. av. 66. Edw. av. 18. t. 18. Olin. av. 14. Act. Ups. 1750. p. 21.  Habitat in Oriente.  Mas cæruleus; Femina cinerea, subtus lineolis albis & cinereis undulata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Monticola).
● (Statius Müller 1776) ex “Merle solitaire de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 2 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Passera solitaria” of Olina 1622, “Solitary Sparrow” of Willughby 1676, “Passer solitarius” of Ray 1713, “Merula solitaria” of Brisson 1760, “Merle solitaire” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Monticola solitarius).
● ex “Suirirí chorreado todo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 196 (Myiodynastes).
● ex “Solitaire” of Leguat 1708, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Dodo” of Latham 1785: “not met with in flocks, scarcely more than two being found together” (‡Pezophaps).
● ex “Solitary Parrot” of Latham 1787 (Phigys).
● ex “Japú negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 58 (Procacicus).
● ex “Oiseau Solitaire” of Carré 1669, and “Solitaire” of Dubois 1674 (this bird was formerly thought to be a species of dodo Raphus) (‡Threskiornis).
● ex “Ynambú Mocoicogoé” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 332 (Tinamus).
● "This new species inhabits the watery solitudes of our highest mountains during the summer, from Kentucky to New York" (A. Wilson 1813) (Tringa).

SUBSPECIES

Rufous-browed Flycatcher (submoniliger)
Latin Name: Anthipes solitaris submoniliger
submonileger / submoniliger
L. sub  near to; specific name Dimorpha monileger Hodgson, 1845 (subsp. Anthipes solitaris).

Rufous-browed Flycatcher (malayana)
Latin Name: Anthipes solitaris malayana
malaya / malayana / malayanus / malayensis
Malaya  < Malay Melayu  Malays  < Melaka  Malacca (a powerful mediaeval sultanate). In ornithology the name can refer either to the Malay Peninsula or the Malay Archipelago (also known as the Indian Archipelago, Malaysia or the East Indies).

Rufous-browed Flycatcher (solitaris)
Latin Name: Anthipes solitaris solitaris
solitaria / solitaris / solitarius
L. solitarius  solitary  < solus, solius  alone.
● According to Fraser in P. Sclater 1859a, the Solitary Shrike Tyrant was called “el Solitario” by the Spanish settlers of Ecuador (Agriornis).
● ex “Coucou Solitaire” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 206 (Cuculus).
● ex “Green-headed Bunting” of Latham 1785 (syn. Emberiza hortulana).
● “Solitary Sparrow  ...  It is wont to sit alone on the tops of ancient Edifices and Roofs of Churches, singing most sweetly, especially in the Morning, whence it took its name” (Ray 1678); "95. TURDUS.  ...  solitarius.  14. T. cæruleus, remigibus rectricibusque nigris, abdomine lineolis cinereis undulato.  Passer solitarius. Willugb. orn. 191. Raj. av. 66. Edw. av. 18. t. 18. Olin. av. 14. Act. Ups. 1750. p. 21.  Habitat in Oriente.  Mas cæruleus; Femina cinerea, subtus lineolis albis & cinereis undulata." (Linnaeus 1758) (Monticola).
● (Statius Müller 1776) ex “Merle solitaire de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 2 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Passera solitaria” of Olina 1622, “Solitary Sparrow” of Willughby 1676, “Passer solitarius” of Ray 1713, “Merula solitaria” of Brisson 1760, “Merle solitaire” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Monticola solitarius).
● ex “Suirirí chorreado todo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 196 (Myiodynastes).
● ex “Solitaire” of Leguat 1708, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Solitary Dodo” of Latham 1785: “not met with in flocks, scarcely more than two being found together” (‡Pezophaps).
● ex “Solitary Parrot” of Latham 1787 (Phigys).
● ex “Japú negro” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 58 (Procacicus).
● ex “Oiseau Solitaire” of Carré 1669, and “Solitaire” of Dubois 1674 (this bird was formerly thought to be a species of dodo Raphus) (‡Threskiornis).
● ex “Ynambú Mocoicogoé” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 332 (Tinamus).
● "This new species inhabits the watery solitudes of our highest mountains during the summer, from Kentucky to New York" (A. Wilson 1813) (Tringa).