Lurocalis Semitorquatus Bird

English Name:  Short-tailed Nighthawk
Latin Name:  Lurocalis semitorquatus
Protonym:  Caprimulgus semitorquatus Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.1031
Taxonomy:  Caprimulgiformes / Caprimulgidae / Lurocalis
Taxonomy Code:  shtnig1
Type Locality:  Cayenne.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

LUROCALIS
(Caprimulgidae; † Short-tailed Nighthawk L. semitorquatus) Gr. ουρα oura  tail (cf. λυρα lura  lyre); κολος kolos  stunted, docked; "23. Genus Lurocalis, nobis, nov. gen.  Bill depressed, broad at base and suddenly compressed to the point, which is hooked and acute; nostrils basal, aperture slightly elevated, bristles rudimental or none, mandibles somewhat dilated at base, gape ample.  Wings long, pointed, reaching to the end of the tail or beyond; first and second (usually the second) primaries longest.  Tail short, truncate.  Tarsi short, feathered in front to the toes, naked behind.  General form of head and body broad and robust.  Wings and tail without white, throat with a white angular uninterrupted semicollar.    Obs. — Of this new genus I have seen two species, both South American:  1. Lurocalis Nattererii, (Temm.,) Pl. col. 107.    2. Lurocalis semitorquatus, (Gm.,)  Podager Gouldii, Gray Gen., pl. 18." (Cassin 1851); "Lurocalis Cassin, 1851, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 5, p. 189.  Type, by subsequent designation (Hartlaub, 1852, Archiv für Naturgesch., 18 (2), p. 19), C. semitorquatus Gm., i.e. Caprimulgus semitorquatus Gmelin, 1789." (JAJ 2021).
Synon. Urocolus.

semitorquata / semitorquatus
Mod. L. semitorquatus  half-collared  < L. semi-  half-, semi-, small  < semis, semissis  half  < as, assis  whole; torquatus  collared  < torques  collar  < torquere  to twist.
● ex “Héoro-taire à collier blanc” of Audebert & Vieillot 1802 (syn. Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris).
● ex “Petit Engoulevent tacheté de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 734, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “White-collared Goatsucker” of Latham 1783 (Lurocalis).
● ex “Esparvero faxado” (= ☼) of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 19 (Micrastur).
● ex “Figuier à demi-collier” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Half-collared Warbler” of Latham 1783 and Pennant 1785 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Short-tailed Nighthawk (Short-tailed)
Latin Name: Lurocalis semitorquatus [semitorquatus Group]
LUROCALIS
(Caprimulgidae; † Short-tailed Nighthawk L. semitorquatus) Gr. ουρα oura  tail (cf. λυρα lura  lyre); κολος kolos  stunted, docked; "23. Genus Lurocalis, nobis, nov. gen.  Bill depressed, broad at base and suddenly compressed to the point, which is hooked and acute; nostrils basal, aperture slightly elevated, bristles rudimental or none, mandibles somewhat dilated at base, gape ample.  Wings long, pointed, reaching to the end of the tail or beyond; first and second (usually the second) primaries longest.  Tail short, truncate.  Tarsi short, feathered in front to the toes, naked behind.  General form of head and body broad and robust.  Wings and tail without white, throat with a white angular uninterrupted semicollar.    Obs. — Of this new genus I have seen two species, both South American:  1. Lurocalis Nattererii, (Temm.,) Pl. col. 107.    2. Lurocalis semitorquatus, (Gm.,)  Podager Gouldii, Gray Gen., pl. 18." (Cassin 1851); "Lurocalis Cassin, 1851, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 5, p. 189.  Type, by subsequent designation (Hartlaub, 1852, Archiv für Naturgesch., 18 (2), p. 19), C. semitorquatus Gm., i.e. Caprimulgus semitorquatus Gmelin, 1789." (JAJ 2021).
Synon. Urocolus.

Short-tailed Nighthawk (nattereri)
Latin Name: Lurocalis semitorquatus nattereri
natterei / nattereri / nattererii / natterii
Dr Johann Natterer (1787-1843) Austrian zoologist, collector, resident in Brazil 1817-1835 (subsp. Amazona ochrocephala, Anthus, subsp. Attila bolivianus, syn. Augastes scutatus, syn. Certhia brachydactyla, subsp. Colaptes melanochloros, Cotinga, Hylopezus, Lepidothrix, subsp. Loriotus cristatus (?x), Lurocalis, subsp. Momotus momota, subsp. Nonnula ruficapilla, Phaethornis, syn. Phylloscopus bonellii, Pipile, subsp. Platyrinchus platyrhynchos, syn. Poecilotriccus latirostris ochropterus, subsp. Rupornis magnirostris, Selenidera, syn. Tinamus solitarius, syn. Tityra inquisitor).