Tityra Semifasciata Bird

English Name:  Masked Tityra
Latin Name:  Tityra semifasciata
Protonym:  Pachyrhynchus semifasciatus Av.Sp.Nov.Brasil. 2 p.32 pl.44 fig.2
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Tityridae / Tityra
Taxonomy Code:  mastit1
Type Locality:  Para, Brazil.
Author:  von Spix
Publish Year:  1825
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TITYRA
(Tityridae; Ϯ Western Black-tailed Tityra T. cayana) Tityrus, the name of a rustic shepherd in Virgil’s Eclogues. The ancients also gave the name Tityri to the satyrs and other raucous companions of Pan and Bacchus, and this meaning is more applicable to the noisy, aggressive behaviour of the Black-tailed Tityra; "BÉCARDE, Tityra.  Lanius, Linn. Gm. Lath.  Bec glabre à la base, robuste, épais, droit, un peu déprimé, convexe dessus et dessous; mandibule inférieure entaillée, aiguë et retroussée à la pointe. — Bouche ample, ciliée.   Esp. Bécarde, Buff." (Vieillot 1816); "Tityra Vieillot, 1816, Analyse, p. 39. Type, by monotypy, "Bécarde" Buffon = Lanius cayanus Linnaeus." (Snow in Peters 1979, VIII, 241).  
Var. Tetyra, Tytira.
Synon. Erator, Exetastes, Pachyrhynchus, Psaris.

semifasciata / semifasciatus
L. semi-  small, half-  < semis, semissis  half  < as, assis  whole; Late L. fasciatus  banded  < L. fascia  band.

SUBSPECIES

Masked Tityra (columbiana)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata columbiana
columbiana / columbianum / columbianus
● Colombia. To this day the name of Colombia is misspelled in newspapers, scientific works (e.g. NAOC Vancouver 2012 Abstracts, p. 207) and books, and on television (e.g. BBC News Channel (Travel!) 14 May 2017), and generally wrongly pronounced there (e.g. Channel 4 Seven O’Clock News, 10 October 2011) and on radio (e.g. BBC Radio 2 Jeremy Vine Show 30 November 2016). “America ... north of the Isthmus of Darien, the southern continent being termed Columbia” (Wood 1835) (subsp. Chamaeza campanisona, subsp. Cinclodes excelsior, Crypturellus, Fulica, Ortalis, Phaethornis, subsp. Philydor rufum, subsp. Synallaxis gujanensis).
● Columbia River or Columbia River region (Oregon) (Cygnus (ex “Whistling Swan” of P. Allen 1814), syn. Gymnogyps californianus, Nucifraga, subsp. Pedioecetes phasianellus (ex “Grouse or Prairie Hen” of Lewis 1814), syn. Piranga ludoviciana).
● Greater Colombia (= Venezuela) (Odontophorus, Philydor).
● Columbia County, Florida, USA (‡ Palaeophoyx).
● British Columbia, Canada (subsp. Poecile hudsonicus).
● Erroneous TL. Porto Cabello, Colombia (= Ciudad Bolívar, Río Orinoco, Venezuela) (Sicalis).

Masked Tityra (costaricensis)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata costaricensis
costaricanum / costaricensis
Costa Rica (Spanish costa rica rich coast, from its supposed gold resources).

Masked Tityra (deses)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata deses
deses
L. deses, desidis  inactive, indolent, lazy  < desidere  to sit idle.

Masked Tityra (fortis)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata fortis
fortis
L. fortis  robust, strong.

Masked Tityra (griseiceps)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata griseiceps
griseiceps
Med. L. griseum  grey; L. -ceps  -headed  < caput, capitis  head.

Masked Tityra (hannumi)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata hannumi
hannumi
Robert Gillette Hannum (d. 1989) US zoologist, collector in Mexico (subsp. Tityra semifasciata).

Masked Tityra (nigriceps)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata nigriceps
nigriceps
L. niger  black; -ceps  -headed  < caput, capitis  head.

Masked Tityra (personata)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata personata
personata / personatus
L. personatus  masked  < persona  mask.
● ex “Perroquet Geoffroy” of Levaillant 1805 (syn. Geoffroyus geoffroyi).
● ex “Chouette à Masque Noir” of Levaillant 1799, pl. 44 (syn. Pulsatrix perspicillata).

Masked Tityra (semifasciata)
Latin Name: Tityra semifasciata semifasciata
semifasciata / semifasciatus
L. semi-  small, half-  < semis, semissis  half  < as, assis  whole; Late L. fasciatus  banded  < L. fascia  band.