Regulus Satrapa Bird

English Name:  Golden-crowned Kinglet
Latin Name:  Regulus satrapa
Protonym:  Regulus satrapa Verz.Doubl.Zool.Mus.Berlin p.35
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Regulidae / Regulus
Taxonomy Code:  gockin
Type Locality:  'Am. sept.'' = North America.
Author:  Lichtenstein, MHC
Publish Year:  1823
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

REGULUS
(Regulidae; Ϯ Goldcrest R. regulus) Specific name Motacilla regulus Linnaeus, 1758; "Roitelets . . . Regulus" (Cuvier 1800); "Dans la tradition nordique, le roitelet (le plus petit des oiseaux) est le druide des oiseaux. Ce term de petit roi n'est donc pas une moquerie, il correspond à une vieille tradition celtique. Le première mention de ce mot pour désigner un oiseau remonte au début du XII^e siècle" (Cabard & Chauvet 2003); "Regulus Cuvier, 1800, Leçons Anatomie Comparée, 1, table 2. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, "Roitelets" = Motacilla regulus Linnaeus." (Watson in Peters 1986, XI, 286). This genus formerly included the reguline leaf-warblers Phylloscopus.
Var. Regillus (L. regillus  royal, regal  < regius  royal).
Synon. Calendula, Corthylio, Ocelletus, Orchilus, Regaliolus, Rex, Senator.
● (syn. Regulus Ϯ Ruby-crowned Kinglet R. calendula) "Regulus BARTRAM, Travels through Carolina, etc., 1791, p.—  ...  Type, Motacilla calendula LINNAEUS ²  (Present designation.)³   ...   ² Seven species of Regulus are enumerated by Bartram in 1791, but only one is technically available as type at this date. This is "R. cristatus alter vertice rubini coloris; the ruby crown wren. (G. Edwards.)", or Motacilla calendula Linnaeus. Edwards figured and described this species from a specimen sent to him by Bartram.   ...   ³ There appear to be excellent generic differences between Motacilla calendula and M. regulus, as long ago recognized by Cabanis, who, in 1853, proposed the name Corthylio for M. calendula. This genus has been recently revived by Mr. Miller (Auk, vol. 32, 1915, pp. 234-236), but from the above reference to Regulus it will be seen that Motacilla regulus is the species to be provided with a generic name." (Richmond 1917). 

regulus
L. regulus  prince, kinglet  < dim. rex, regis  king  < regere  to rule.
● "15. TROCHILUS (LOPHORNIS) REGULUS.  Troch. plumis in vertice castaneo-fuscis valde elongatis, acuminatis, ad apices viridibus  ...  This beautiful species is nearly allied to the T. ornata and T. magnifica, but differs from them in the lesser development of the feathers of the sides of the neck and in the greater size of the crest, which is more largely developed than in any other species known." (Gould 1846) (syn. Lophornis delattrei).
● "99. MOTACILLA.  ...  Regulus. 30. M. remigibus secundariis exteriori margine flavis, medio albis. Fn. svec. 235.  Regulus cristatus. Will. orn. 163. t. 41.  Raj. av. 79. n. 9.  Alb. av. I. p. 51. t. 53.  Aldr. orn. l. 17. c. 1.  Frisch. av. . t. 24. f. 4.  Catesb. car. 3. p. 13. t. 13.   Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Regulus).

SATRAPA
(Tyrannidae; Ϯ Yellow-browed Tyrant S. icterophrys) L. satrapa  satrap, Persian viceroy < Gr. σατραπης satrapēs  satrap  < Old Persian kšathra pāvan  country protector; "SUIRIRI? ICTEROPHRYS (Vieill.).  [Plate XII.]  Suiriri obscuro y amarillo , Azara.  Muscicapa icterophrys, Vieill.   ...   Of the numerous species of American birds which have been classed in the genera Tyrannula and Elania, and which exhibit much variety in the modifications of the beak, the present one has that organ the most elongate; indeed it approaches in form the beak of the Sylvicoline genus Myiodioctes, though the straight culmen, the comparatively short black tarsi, covered with seven or eight short scuta, the slender toes and sharp claws, show the true place of the bird to be among the Tyranninæ.  I had intended making this the type of a new genus, under the name of Satrapa (quasi a petty tyrant), but perceiving that M. D'Orbigny has included it in his genus Suiriri, I retain that generic name for the present." (Strickland 1844); "Satrapa Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, p. 414. Type, by original designation, "Suiriri? icterophrys (Vieill.)" = Muscicapa icterophrys Vieillot." (Traylor in Peters 1979, VIII, 183).  A suggested distinctive name for this, one of many tyrants, is Yellow-browed Satrap.
Synon. Sisopygis.

satrapa
L. satrapa  satrap, Persian viceroy  < Gr. σατραπης satrapēs  satrap  < Old Persian ksathra pavan  country protector (cf. Med. L. satrapa minstrel).

SUBSPECIES

Golden-crowned Kinglet (olivaceus)
Latin Name: Regulus satrapa olivaceus
olivaceum / olivaceus
Mod. L. olivaceus  olive-green, olivaceous  < L. oliva  olive.
● ex “Merle olive des grandes Indes” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 1 (syn. Acritillas indica).
● ex “Oliva” of Levaillant 1801, pl. 75 (Chlorophoneus).
● ex “Crimson-breasted Woodpecker” of Latham 1782 (Geocolaptes).
● ex “Troupiale olive de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 606, fig. 2, and “Cayenne Olive Oriole” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Icterus auricapillus).
● ex “White-cheeked Crow” of Latham 1801 (Psophodes).
● ex “Perroquet de l’isle de Luçon” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 287, “Perruche aux ailes chamarées” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Lace-winged Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Tanygnathus lucionensis).
● ex "Bruant de S. Domingue" of Brisson 1760 (Tiaris).
● ex “Merle olive du Cap de Bonne Espérance” of Brisson 1760 (Turdus).
● ex “Red-ey’d Fly-catcher” of Catesby 1731, “Muscicapa olivacea” of Edwards 1758, and “Muscicapa jamaicensis” of Brisson 1760 (Vireo).
● ex “Grimpereau olive de Madagascar” of Brisson 1760 (Zosterops).
● ex “Merula olivacea indica” of Brisson 1760 (unident.).

Golden-crowned Kinglet (amoenus)
Latin Name: Regulus satrapa amoenus
amoenus
L. amoenus  delightful, pleasant, attractive  < amare  to love passionately.

Golden-crowned Kinglet (satrapa)
Latin Name: Regulus satrapa satrapa
SATRAPA
(Tyrannidae; Ϯ Yellow-browed Tyrant S. icterophrys) L. satrapa  satrap, Persian viceroy < Gr. σατραπης satrapēs  satrap  < Old Persian kšathra pāvan  country protector; "SUIRIRI? ICTEROPHRYS (Vieill.).  [Plate XII.]  Suiriri obscuro y amarillo , Azara.  Muscicapa icterophrys, Vieill.   ...   Of the numerous species of American birds which have been classed in the genera Tyrannula and Elania, and which exhibit much variety in the modifications of the beak, the present one has that organ the most elongate; indeed it approaches in form the beak of the Sylvicoline genus Myiodioctes, though the straight culmen, the comparatively short black tarsi, covered with seven or eight short scuta, the slender toes and sharp claws, show the true place of the bird to be among the Tyranninæ.  I had intended making this the type of a new genus, under the name of Satrapa (quasi a petty tyrant), but perceiving that M. D'Orbigny has included it in his genus Suiriri, I retain that generic name for the present." (Strickland 1844); "Satrapa Strickland, 1844, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 13, p. 414. Type, by original designation, "Suiriri? icterophrys (Vieill.)" = Muscicapa icterophrys Vieillot." (Traylor in Peters 1979, VIII, 183).  A suggested distinctive name for this, one of many tyrants, is Yellow-browed Satrap.
Synon. Sisopygis.

Golden-crowned Kinglet (apache)
Latin Name: Regulus satrapa apache
apache
● Cochise County, Arizona, USA (after Cochise (d. 1874) chief of the Chiricahua Apache) (subsp. Accipiter gentilis).
● Apache County, Arizona, USA (subsp. Regulus satrapa).

Golden-crowned Kinglet (aztecus)
Latin Name: Regulus satrapa aztecus
azteca / aztecus
Aztecs, the peoples of Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquista.

Golden-crowned Kinglet (clarus)
Latin Name: Regulus satrapa clarus
clarum / clarus
L. clarus  distinct, clear, bright.