Passerculus Sandwichensis Bird

English Name:  Savannah Sparrow
Latin Name:  Passerculus sandwichensis
Protonym:  Emberiza sandwichensis Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.875
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Passerellidae / Passerculus
Taxonomy Code:  savspa
Type Locality:  Unalaska, Alaska.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

PASSERCULUS
(Passerellidae; Ϯ Savannah Sparrow P. sandwichensis) L. passerculus  little sparrow  < dim. passer, passeris  sparrow; "Le Petit Moineau de Bologne  ...  PASSERCULUS BONONIENSIS" (Brisson 1760): based on "Passerculus Brachyuros" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603; "Genus 151.  PASSERCULUS, Nobis.  216. PASSERCULUS SAVANNA, Nob. (Fringilla Savanna, Wils.)  Aud. pl. 109." (Bonaparte 1838); "Passerculus Bonaparte, 1838, Geog. Comp. List Birds Europe North Amer., p. 33. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, ed. 1, p. 46), Fringilla savanna Wilson." (Paynter in Peters 1970, XIII, 68); "136. Passerculus sandwichensis  ...  Geographical variation of nominate race largely clinal: other proposed races are  ...  savanna (Savannah, in E Georgia)  ...  synonymized with nominate." (del Hoyo & Collar 2016, 802).
Synon. Centronyx, Nemospiza.

sandvicensis / sandvichensis / sandwichensis
● Sandwich I. (= Faté = Efaté), New Hebrides (subsp. Chalcophaps longirostris).
● Sandwich Is. (= Hawaiian Is.) (named after John Montagu 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718-1792) First Lord of the Admiralty 1771-1782); ex “Sandwich Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (Chasiempis).
● Sandwich Is. (= Hawaiian Is.); ex “Sandwich Thrush” (= ☼) of Latham 1783 (syn. Chasiempis sandwichensis).
● Unalaska I. and Sandwich Sound, Alaska (cf. “Named after Sandwich Island, one of the Kurile or Aleutian Archipelago” (Coues 1882)); ex “Unalaska Bunting” of Pennant 1785, and “Sandwich Bunting” of Latham 1785 (Passerculus).
● Sandwich, Kent, England; ex “Sandwich Tern” of Latham 1785 (Thalasseus).
● Sandwich Is. (= Hawaiian Is.); ex "Sandwich Rail" of Latham 1785 (‡Zapornia).

SUBSPECIES

Savannah Sparrow (Savannah)
Latin Name: Passerculus sandwichensis [sandwichensis Group]
PASSERCULUS
(Passerellidae; Ϯ Savannah Sparrow P. sandwichensis) L. passerculus  little sparrow  < dim. passer, passeris  sparrow; "Le Petit Moineau de Bologne  ...  PASSERCULUS BONONIENSIS" (Brisson 1760): based on "Passerculus Brachyuros" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603; "Genus 151.  PASSERCULUS, Nobis.  216. PASSERCULUS SAVANNA, Nob. (Fringilla Savanna, Wils.)  Aud. pl. 109." (Bonaparte 1838); "Passerculus Bonaparte, 1838, Geog. Comp. List Birds Europe North Amer., p. 33. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, ed. 1, p. 46), Fringilla savanna Wilson." (Paynter in Peters 1970, XIII, 68); "136. Passerculus sandwichensis  ...  Geographical variation of nominate race largely clinal: other proposed races are  ...  savanna (Savannah, in E Georgia)  ...  synonymized with nominate." (del Hoyo & Collar 2016, 802).
Synon. Centronyx, Nemospiza.

Savannah Sparrow (Ipswich)
Latin Name: Passerculus sandwichensis princeps
princeps
L. princeps, principis  prince, chief, leader  < primus  foremost  < super. prior, prius  first; capere  to take.
● Jules Laurent Lucien, later called Charles Lucien Jules Laurent 2^nd Prince of Canino and Musignano and Prince Bonaparte (1803-1857) French ornithologist, taxonomist, collector (Actenoides).
● Bismarck Range, Papua New Guinea (German prinz  prince; named after Otto Eduard Leopold Prinz von Bismarck-Schönhausen (1815-1898); the four highest peaks were named after him and his children, Marie, Herbert and Wilhelm) (Melidectes).
● "I therefore propose to name the Massachusetts bird Passerculus princeps, the large barren ground sparrow" (Maynard 1872); ex “Centronyx bairdii” of Maynard 1868 (subsp. Passerculus sandwichensis).
● Príncipe I., Gulf of Guinea (Portuguese príncipe  prince; named after Príncipe João of Portugal (1455-1495)) (Ploceus, subsp. Psittacus erithacus).

Savannah Sparrow (Belding's)
Latin Name: Passerculus sandwichensis [guttatus Group]
PASSERCULUS
(Passerellidae; Ϯ Savannah Sparrow P. sandwichensis) L. passerculus  little sparrow  < dim. passer, passeris  sparrow; "Le Petit Moineau de Bologne  ...  PASSERCULUS BONONIENSIS" (Brisson 1760): based on "Passerculus Brachyuros" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603; "Genus 151.  PASSERCULUS, Nobis.  216. PASSERCULUS SAVANNA, Nob. (Fringilla Savanna, Wils.)  Aud. pl. 109." (Bonaparte 1838); "Passerculus Bonaparte, 1838, Geog. Comp. List Birds Europe North Amer., p. 33. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, ed. 1, p. 46), Fringilla savanna Wilson." (Paynter in Peters 1970, XIII, 68); "136. Passerculus sandwichensis  ...  Geographical variation of nominate race largely clinal: other proposed races are  ...  savanna (Savannah, in E Georgia)  ...  synonymized with nominate." (del Hoyo & Collar 2016, 802).
Synon. Centronyx, Nemospiza.

Savannah Sparrow (San Benito)
Latin Name: Passerculus sandwichensis sanctorum
sanctorum
Mod. L. sanctorum  of the saints  < Late L. sanctus  saint  < L. sanctus  holy  < sancire  to consecrate.
● Todos Santos Is., Baja California, Mexico (‡subsp. Aimophila ruficeps).
● Todos Santos, Guatemala (subsp. Leuconotopicus villosus).
● San Benito Is. (= Islas San Benito), Baja California, Mexico (Passerculus).

Savannah Sparrow (Large-billed)
Latin Name: Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus/atratus
PASSERCULUS
(Passerellidae; Ϯ Savannah Sparrow P. sandwichensis) L. passerculus  little sparrow  < dim. passer, passeris  sparrow; "Le Petit Moineau de Bologne  ...  PASSERCULUS BONONIENSIS" (Brisson 1760): based on "Passerculus Brachyuros" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603; "Genus 151.  PASSERCULUS, Nobis.  216. PASSERCULUS SAVANNA, Nob. (Fringilla Savanna, Wils.)  Aud. pl. 109." (Bonaparte 1838); "Passerculus Bonaparte, 1838, Geog. Comp. List Birds Europe North Amer., p. 33. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1840, List Genera Birds, ed. 1, p. 46), Fringilla savanna Wilson." (Paynter in Peters 1970, XIII, 68); "136. Passerculus sandwichensis  ...  Geographical variation of nominate race largely clinal: other proposed races are  ...  savanna (Savannah, in E Georgia)  ...  synonymized with nominate." (del Hoyo & Collar 2016, 802).
Synon. Centronyx, Nemospiza.