Mirafra Rufocinnamomea Bird

English Name:  Flappet Lark
Latin Name:  Mirafra rufocinnamomea
Protonym:  Megalophonus rufo-cinnamomeus AttiSoc.Ital.Sci.Nat.Mus.Civ.Stor.Nat.Milano 8 p.378
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Alaudidae / Mirafra
Taxonomy Code:  flalar1
Type Locality:  Ethiopia; restricted to northern Ethiopia by Mackworth-Praed and Grant, 1939.
Author:  Salvadori
Publish Year:  1865
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

MIRAFRA
(Alaudidae; Ϯ Horsfield's Bush Lark M. javanica) Horsfield made great use of Javanese names, but this does not appear to be one of them (cf. Malay name Merfa for a babbler (see Malacopteron)). According to Agassiz 1842-1846, mirafra is from a native tongue. Gotch 1981, writes that the name is from L. mirus wonderful, and Afra African; the first part of this etymology may be correct, but although most forms occur in the Afrotropics Horsfield’s Bush Lark does not; "MIRAFRA ... The characters in which this genus differs from Alauda are a more robust, conical and arched bill, round nares nearly naked, and a proportionally short claw to the posterior toe. The sides of the beak, between the back (culmen) and cutting edges (tomia) are somewhat convex. In this character it has greater affinity to Fringilla than to Alauda, the bill of which is often subulate (as in Sylvia), while the nares are covered.  Mirafra, although it greatly resembles Calandra, differs from it in possessing the spurious remex, and in having the four instead of the three first remiges elongated  ...  Mirafra Javanica ...  Branjangan Javanis." (Horsfield 1821); "Mirafra Horsfield, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13, pt. 1, p. 159. Type, by monotypy, Mirafra javanica Horsfield." (Peters 1960, IX, 3).    
Var. Miraffra, Mirafa, Myrafra.   
Synon. Africorys, Amirafra, Anacorys, Brachonyx, Corypha, Croteoptera, Etoimus, Geocoraphus, Megalophonus, Neomirafra, Plocealauda, Spilocorydon.

mirafra
Genus Mirafra Horsfield, 1821, bush lark (syn. Mirafra javanica).

rufocinnamomea / rufocinnamomeus
L. rufus  rufous; Mod. L. cinnamomeus  cinnamon-coloured  < L. cinnamum  cinnamon  < Gr. κινναμον kinnamon  cinnamon.

SUBSPECIES

Flappet Lark (buckleyi)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea buckleyi
buckleyi
● Thomas Edward Buckley (1846-1902) English traveller in Lapland, Sweden, Turkey, Greece and North America, ornithologist, collector, big-game hunter in tropical Africa 1872-1873, 1876, 1888 (subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea, Peliperdix).
● Clarence Buckley (b. 1832) British collector in Bolivia and Ecuador 1868-1880 (Björn Bergenholtz in litt.) (?syn. Chrysuronia oenone alleni, syn. Coeligena iris, syn. Colibri coruscans, Columbina, Laniisoma, Micrastur, subsp. Odontophorus gujanensis, subsp. Tityra inquisitor).

Flappet Lark (serlei)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea serlei
serlei
Dr William Serle (1912-1992) Scottish physician, ornithologist in the Cameroons 1937-1957, RAMC 1939-1945, Minister in Church of Scotland 1959-1987 (subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea, subsp. Phyllastrephus xavieri) (see eisentrauti).

Flappet Lark (tigrina)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea tigrina
tigrina / tigrinum / tigrinus
L. tigrinus  tigrine, barred or striped like a tiger  < tigris, tigridis  tiger  < Gr. τιγρις tigris, τιγριδος tigridos  tiger.
● "Je ne connais pas Alauda tigrina, Vieill., de Ténériffe, mais c'est sans doute le jeune d'une bonne espèce." (Bonaparte 1854) (syn. Alaudala rufescens).
● ex “Ficedula canadensis fusca” and “Ficedula dominicensis fusca” of Brisson 1760, “Spotted Yellow Fly-catcher” of Edwards 1760, “Figuier tacheté de jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Spotted Yellow Warbler” of Latham 1783 and Pennant 1785 (Setophaga).
● ex “Onoré de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 790, “Héron tigré” of Fermin 1769, “Onoré” of de Buffon 1770-1785, and “Tiger Bittern” of Latham 1785 (syn. Tigrisoma lineatum) (= ☼).
● Tigré I., Honduras (syn. Tigrisoma mexicanum).

Flappet Lark (furensis)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea furensis
furensis
Fur or Foora, a people and former sultanate (Darfur) of the western Sudan.

Flappet Lark (sobatensis)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea sobatensis
sobatensis
Sobat River, Anglo-Egyptian Sudan / South Sudan.

Flappet Lark (torrida)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea torrida
torrida / torridus
L. torridus  scorched, torrid, burnt  < torrere  to burn.

Flappet Lark (rufocinnamomea)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea rufocinnamomea
rufocinnamomea / rufocinnamomeus
L. rufus  rufous; Mod. L. cinnamomeus  cinnamon-coloured  < L. cinnamum  cinnamon  < Gr. κινναμον kinnamon  cinnamon.

Flappet Lark (omoensis)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea omoensis
omo / omoensis
Omo River, southwestern Ethiopia.

Flappet Lark (kawirondensis)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea kawirondensis
kawirondensis
Kavirondo District (around Kavirondo Gulf, Lake Victoria), western Kenya.

Flappet Lark (fischeri)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea fischeri
fischeri
● Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848-1886) German doctor, explorer, collector in tropical Africa 1876-1886 (Agapornis, syn. Calamonastes simplex, subsp. Centropus monachus, subsp. Cisticola chiniana, subsp. Cyanomitra veroxii, syn. Eurocephalus rueppelli, subsp. Geokichla guttata, Lamprotornis, Melaenornis, subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea, Phyllastrephus, subsp. Ploceus melanocephalus, subsp. Pogoniulus bilineatus, syn. Scotopelia peli, syn. Sylvietta whytii minima, Tauraco, Vidua).
● George Fischer (fl. 1896) Dutch surgeon, collector in the East Indies (Ramphiculus).
● Johann Gotthelf Fischer von Waldheim (1771-1853) German palaeontologist, zoologist in Russia 1804-1853 (Somateria, syn. Syrrhaptes paradoxus).

Flappet Lark (schoutedeni)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea schoutedeni
schoutedeni
Dr Henri Eugène Alphonse Hubert Schouteden (1881-1972) Belgian zoologist, explorer in the Congo (subsp. Anthus nyassae, syn. Apalis goslingi, subsp. Chlorocichla laetissima, syn. Cisticola luapula, syn. Estrilda astrild cavendishi, syn. Guttera verreauxi, subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea, subsp. Phyllastrephus cerviniventris, subsp. Phylloscopus laetus, syn. Pyrenestes ostrinus, Schoutedenapus, subsp. Sheppardia poensis, subsp. Sylvietta ruficapilla).

Flappet Lark (lwenarum)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea lwenarum
lwenarum
Lwena or Lovale, a Bantu people of Angola and western Zambia.

Flappet Lark (smithersi)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea smithersi
smithersi / smithersii
Dr Reay Henry Noble Smithers (1907-1987) South African zoologist, ornithologist, botanist, collector, Director of Museums, Rhodesia 1948-1976 (subsp. Cisticola chiniana, subsp. Emberiza capensis, subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea, subsp. Ortygospiza atricollis).

Flappet Lark (mababiensis)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea mababiensis
mababiensis
Mababe Flats, Ngamiland, Bechuanaland / Botswana.

Flappet Lark (pintoi)
Latin Name: Mirafra rufocinnamomea pintoi
pintoi
● Olivério Mário de Oliveira Pinto (1896-1981) Brazilian ornithologist (syn. Aratinga maculata, syn. Megascops atricapilla, syn. Pulsatrix pulsatrix, syn. Ramphastos vitellinus ariel, subsp. Xiphorhynchus fuscus).
● Dr António Augusto da Rosa Pinto (1904-1986) Portuguese ornithologist, Director of Lourenço Marques Mus. 1953-1960 (subsp. Batis molitor, subsp. Calamonastes stierlingi, syn. Cinnyris gertrudis, subsp. Mirafra rufocinnamomea).