Piranga Rubra Bird

English Name:  Summer Tanager
Latin Name:  Piranga rubra
Protonym:  Fringilla rubra Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.181
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Cardinalidae / Piranga
Taxonomy Code:  sumtan
Type Locality:  in America [= South Carolina] .
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PIRANGA
(Cardinalidae; Ϯ Summer Tanager P. rubra) Güaraní name Pirangá  red (bird), for a small bird, a finch or a tanager ("Πυρ, fire, (colour of the plumage)" (Ashmolean 1836)) (cf. “Tijepiranga” of Marcgrave 1648, a name for the Troupial Icterus); "N^o 12. Bec du Piranga incarnat, Piranga rubra.  Cet oiseau que les auteurs ont rangé parmi les Tangaras, Tanagra Mississipensis, æstiva, LINN. GM., et d'autres parmi les Moucherolles, Muscicapa rubra, LINN. édit. 12, diffère assez des uns et des autres pour constituer un nouveau genre, dont le caractère principal est d'avoir le bec gros, alongé, droit, déprimé à sa base, convexe dessus et dessous, légèrement entaillé et recourbé à l'extrémité de sa partie supérieure." (Vieillot 1807); "Piranga Vieillot, 1808, Hist. Nat. Ois. Amér. Sept., 1 (1807), p. iv. Type, by monotypy, Muscicapa rubra Linnaeus, 1776 = Fringilla rubra Linnaeus, 1758." (Storer in Peters 1970, XIII, 301).
Var. Pyranga , Pynanga.
Synon. Diplochilus, Merula, Phoenisoma.

rubra
L. ruber, rubra  red, ruddy (see also ruber).
● ex “Red Lark” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Anthus rubescens).
● ex “Martin-pêcheur de Pondichéry” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 778, fig. 2, and “Martin-pêcheur pourpré” of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Ceyx erithaca).
● "89. CRAX.  ...  rubra.  2. C. rubra, capite cærulescente.  Gallina peruviana rubra. Alb. av. 3. p. 37. t. 40.  Habitat in America.  An varietas præcedentis? [Crax nigra]" (Linnaeus 1748); "Albin's figure, though pretty poor, seems to represent the female of the present species. As type locality we may regard (western) Ecuador, which, at Albin's time, formed part of Peru." (Hellmayr & Conover 1942) (Crax).
● ex “Lori de la Chine” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 519, “Lori rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Lori de Gilolo” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Molucca Lory” of Latham 1781 (syn. Eos bornea).
● ex “Moineau de l’île de France” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 665, fig. 2, and “Crimson Bunting” of Latham 1783 (Foudia).
● ex “Scarlet Creeper” of Latham 1782 (syn. Myzomela sanguinolenta).
● ex “Manakin orangé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 302, fig. 2 (syn. Pipra aureola).
● ex “Habia punzo” (= ♂) of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 88 (syn. Piranga flava).
● ex “Cardinal de Canada” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Piranga olivacea).
● ex “Summer Red-Bird ” of Catesby 1731 (Piranga).
● ex “Traquet à Cul Roux” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 188, fig. 2 (syn. Saxicoloides fulicatus).
● ex “Suirirí roxo” of de Azara 1802-1805 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Summer Tanager (cooperi)
Latin Name: Piranga rubra cooperi
cooperi / cooperii
● William Cooper (1798-1864) US zoologist, collector, conchologist, founder member of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York (Accipiter, ?syn. Calidris acuminata x C. ferruginea, Contopus, subsp. Myiarchus tyrannulus).
● Dr James Graham Cooper (1830-1902) US ornithologist (son of William Cooper), botanist, explorer, collector (syn. Buteo jamaicensis harlani, syn. Melospiza melodia heermanni, subsp. Piranga rubra, syn. Podiceps grisegena holboellii).
● Coopers Camp, Melville I., Northern Territory, Australia (subsp. Gavicalis virescens, syn. Myiagra ruficollis mimikae).
● “I have named this species, at the request of Mr Zeledon, the collector of the type-specimens, after Mr Juan Cooper, of Cartago, Costa Rica, a particular friend of his, to whom he is much indebted for many interesting contributions to his collections” (Ridgway 1878) (Megascops).
● "adult male donated by Major A. L. Cooper, by whom it was collected near Salisbury, S. Rhodesia [= Zimbabwe], early in August, 1947" (Roberts 1947) (syn. Pternistis swainsonii x Pternistis afer) (OD per Björn Bergenholtz).

Summer Tanager (rubra)
Latin Name: Piranga rubra rubra
rubra
L. ruber, rubra  red, ruddy (see also ruber).
● ex “Red Lark” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Anthus rubescens).
● ex “Martin-pêcheur de Pondichéry” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 778, fig. 2, and “Martin-pêcheur pourpré” of de Buffon 1770-1786 (syn. Ceyx erithaca).
● "89. CRAX.  ...  rubra.  2. C. rubra, capite cærulescente.  Gallina peruviana rubra. Alb. av. 3. p. 37. t. 40.  Habitat in America.  An varietas præcedentis? [Crax nigra]" (Linnaeus 1748); "Albin's figure, though pretty poor, seems to represent the female of the present species. As type locality we may regard (western) Ecuador, which, at Albin's time, formed part of Peru." (Hellmayr & Conover 1942) (Crax).
● ex “Lori de la Chine” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 519, “Lori rouge” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Lori de Gilolo” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Molucca Lory” of Latham 1781 (syn. Eos bornea).
● ex “Moineau de l’île de France” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 665, fig. 2, and “Crimson Bunting” of Latham 1783 (Foudia).
● ex “Scarlet Creeper” of Latham 1782 (syn. Myzomela sanguinolenta).
● ex “Manakin orangé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 302, fig. 2 (syn. Pipra aureola).
● ex “Habia punzo” (= ♂) of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 88 (syn. Piranga flava).
● ex “Cardinal de Canada” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Piranga olivacea).
● ex “Summer Red-Bird ” of Catesby 1731 (Piranga).
● ex “Traquet à Cul Roux” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 188, fig. 2 (syn. Saxicoloides fulicatus).
● ex “Suirirí roxo” of de Azara 1802-1805 (unident.).