Gracula Religiosa Bird

English Name:  Common Hill Myna
Latin Name:  Gracula religiosa
Protonym:  Gracula religiosa Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.108
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Sturnidae / Gracula
Taxonomy Code:  hilmyn
Type Locality:  Asia [= Java].
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

GRACULA
(Sturnidae; Ϯ Common Hill Myna G. religiosa) L. graculus  unknown bird, identified with the Jackdaw from its cries "gra gra" (cf. Med. L. graculus  Rook or Jay); "50. GRACULA.  Rostrum convexo-cultratum, basi nudiusculum.  Lingua integra, acutiuscula, carnosa.  Pedes digitis anticis 3, postico 1." (Linnaeus 1758); "Gracula Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 108. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List. Gen. Birds, p. 39), Gracula religiosa Linnaeus." (Amadon in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 118). Linnaeus's Gracula comprised seven species (G. religiosa, G. fœtida, G. Barita, G. cristatella, G. Saularis, G. Quiscula, G. Atthis). 
Var. Granula.
Synon. Eulabes, Mainatus.

religiosa / religiosus
L. religiosus  sacred  < religio, religionis  reverence for the gods.
● "50. GRACULA.   ...   religiosa.  1. G. nigro violacea, macula alarum alba, fascia occipitis nuda flava.  Corvus javanensis. Osb. iter. 102.  Sturnus indicus. Bont. jav. 67. Will. orn. 145. t. 38. Raj. av. 68.  Minor s. Mino. Edw. av. 17. t. 17. Alb. av. 2. p. 35. t. 38.  Habitat in Asia." (Linnaeus 1758); a misnomer, Linnaeus having confused the Common Hill Myna with the Common Myna Acridotheres tristis, which is held sacred by the Hindus (Gracula).

SUBSPECIES

Common Hill Myna (Common)
Latin Name: Gracula religiosa [religiosa Group]
GRACULA
(Sturnidae; Ϯ Common Hill Myna G. religiosa) L. graculus  unknown bird, identified with the Jackdaw from its cries "gra gra" (cf. Med. L. graculus  Rook or Jay); "50. GRACULA.  Rostrum convexo-cultratum, basi nudiusculum.  Lingua integra, acutiuscula, carnosa.  Pedes digitis anticis 3, postico 1." (Linnaeus 1758); "Gracula Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 108. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List. Gen. Birds, p. 39), Gracula religiosa Linnaeus." (Amadon in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 118). Linnaeus's Gracula comprised seven species (G. religiosa, G. fœtida, G. Barita, G. cristatella, G. Saularis, G. Quiscula, G. Atthis). 
Var. Granula.
Synon. Eulabes, Mainatus.

Common Hill Myna (Tenggara)
Latin Name: Gracula religiosa venerata
venerata / veneratus
L. veneratus  venerated, worshipped  < venerare  to worship.
● ex “Venerated Kingsfisher” of Latham 1782: “This species inhabits Apye, one of the Friendly Isles, where it is held as sacred among the natives as that of Otaheite” (Todiramphus).