Myadestes Ralloides Bird

English Name:  Andean Solitaire
Latin Name:  Myadestes ralloides
Protonym:  Muscipeta ralloides Voy.Am.merid. 4 livr.3 p.322
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Turdidae / Myadestes
Taxonomy Code:  andsol1
Type Locality:  Chulumani, Prov. Yungas, east side of the Cordillera, Bolivia.
Author:  d'Orbigny
Publish Year:  1840
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

MYADESTES
(Turdidae; Ϯ Rufous-throated Solitaire M. genibarbis) Gr. μυα mua  fly  < μυια muia, μυιας muias  fly; εδεστης edestēs  eater  < εδω edō  to eat; "MYADESTES; we shall not only characterize this form, but endeavour to demonstrate it as the rasorial type of Rhipidura.  The bill is small, angular, and much depressed towards the base; but the culmen is slightly and gradually bent, and the gonys ascends, in the same degree, towards the point: the rictal bristles are few and short, and do not extend to one-half the length of the bill: the wings are moderate, not reaching beyond the tail-covers; their structure is the same as in all the Old World flycatchers, but the first and second are suddenly narrowed at their tips; a character we have not met with in any other of this family.  The legs, for a flycatcher, are strong, the tarsus moderately lengthened, and the toes considerably developed, much longer, in fact, than either in Rhipidura or Leucocirca.  The middle toe is as long as the tarsus; the inner toe much shorter than the outer, but both are cleft to their base; the hinder and inner toes are equal; the legs are very pale, and the tarsal scale is in one entire piece; the breadth and curvature of the claws, joined to the relative length of the toes, renders it highly probable that this bird does not habitually frequent the ground.  But its great peculiarity lies in the tail, which is moderately lengthened and slightly graduated, having something of the size and form of Leucocirca, excepting that the feathers, instead of being broad, are rather narrow, with the tips acuminated.  Such are the characters of the bird before us.  It is at once distinguished from our sub-genus Muscicapa (as subsequently defined) by its long toes and lengthened graduated bill; and from Leucocirca, by its small slightly bristled bill, and those other indications which unite it to the genuine flycatchers; the whole structure of the bird, particularly in the head, which is thick like that of the robin, is quite opposed to that slenderness of shape so general among its congeners.  Lastly, although not one of the leastof its characteristic marks, is the pure white which ornaments the ends of the three pair of lateral tail-feathers.   ...   WHISKERED FANTAIL.  Myidestes genibarbis, SWAINS.  ...  We are entirely unacquainted with the country it inhabits, and, of course, are equally so regarding its manners. Judging from the formation of its wings, however, we should conclude it was from some part of the warm latitudes of Africa or India   ...   it bears upon its face a flycatcher disguised as a robin." (Swainson 1838); "Myadestes Swainson, 1838, Nat. Libr. Flycatchers, p. 132. Type, by monotypy, Myidestes (sic) genibarbis Swainson." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 89).
Var. Myiadectes (Gr. μυια muia, μυιας muias  fly; δεκτης dektēs  receiver  < δεχομαι dekhomai  to receive), Myiadestes, Myiesthes, Myedestes, Myidestes, Myidastes, Myiedestes, Myiodectes.
Synon. Phaeornis.

ralloides
Genus Rallus Linnaeus, 1758, rail; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling.
● "N. 311   TRYNGA (ralloides)  supra fusca, subtus alba, remigibus secundariis aliquot albis.  Magn. Hiaticulæ.  Supra fuscocinerea, capite cerviceque obsoletioribus & substriatis.  Subtus alba, sed collum propre pectus cinerascens.  Remiges nigricantes, primariarum interiores secundariæque margine albæ, harumque binæ fere totæ.  Cauda subacuta, rectricibus mediis nigricantibus, lateralibus cinereis, sensim albicantioribus.  Rostrum apice crassiusculum, pedesque nigra.  [Vallen hier op onze stranden.]" (Pallas 1764 (Sherborn reprint 1905)) (syn. Actitis hypoleucos).
● “the legs and toes are greenish, as in some water-hens” (Ray 1713) (Ardeola).
● "daß ich für einen kurzschnabligen Rallus ausnahm" (Boie 1832) (syn. Eupetes macrocerus).
● “Cette espèce diffère essentiellement du M[uscipeta] armillata ... par le manque de bracelet, de tache blanche aux côtés de la gorge et autour de l’oeil, et par la teinte supérieure brun roux et non pas bleu ardoisé; aussi, après une comparaison minutieuse, nous sommes-nous convaincu que c’est bien une espèce distincte et non pas une variété de sexe, et, d’après sa couleur, analogue à celle des Ralles, nous l’avons nommée Ralloides” (d’Orbigny 1849) (Myadestes).
● "La force des pattes et des ongles beaucoup moin grêles que chez les Poules d'eau, les Râles, et les Porphyrions semble indiquer un oiseau moins marécageux qu'eux et peut-être même marcheur des terrains secs ou simplement herbus" (de La Fresnaye 1840) (syn. Tribonyx mortierii).

Ralloides
‡ (syn. Creccoides Ϯ Blanco Crake C.osbornii) Genus Rallus Linnaeus, 1758, rail; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "The fossil to which I refer was therein described and seemed to me to have belonged to some rail-like bird of considerable size.  I originally proposed the name of Ralloides for a genus to contain it, giving it at the same time the specific name of osbornii.  In a private note, dated Philadelphia, February 14, 1892, Professor Cope wrote me "Please make a new generic name, for "Ralloides" is "vox hybrida" (i.e. latin and greek) κρεξ is greek for Rallus; will Creccoides or Creccopus answer?"" (Shufeldt 1892).   

SUBSPECIES

Andean Solitaire (plumbeiceps)
Latin Name: Myadestes ralloides plumbeiceps
plumbeiceps
L. plumbeus  plumbeous  < plumbum  lead; -ceps  -headed  < caput, capitis  head.
● ex “Tachurí cabeza de plomo” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 169, and Muscicapa gularis Temminck, 1822 (Todirostrum).

Andean Solitaire (venezuelensis/candelae)
Latin Name: Myadestes ralloides venezuelensis/candelae
MYADESTES
(Turdidae; Ϯ Rufous-throated Solitaire M. genibarbis) Gr. μυα mua  fly  < μυια muia, μυιας muias  fly; εδεστης edestēs  eater  < εδω edō  to eat; "MYADESTES; we shall not only characterize this form, but endeavour to demonstrate it as the rasorial type of Rhipidura.  The bill is small, angular, and much depressed towards the base; but the culmen is slightly and gradually bent, and the gonys ascends, in the same degree, towards the point: the rictal bristles are few and short, and do not extend to one-half the length of the bill: the wings are moderate, not reaching beyond the tail-covers; their structure is the same as in all the Old World flycatchers, but the first and second are suddenly narrowed at their tips; a character we have not met with in any other of this family.  The legs, for a flycatcher, are strong, the tarsus moderately lengthened, and the toes considerably developed, much longer, in fact, than either in Rhipidura or Leucocirca.  The middle toe is as long as the tarsus; the inner toe much shorter than the outer, but both are cleft to their base; the hinder and inner toes are equal; the legs are very pale, and the tarsal scale is in one entire piece; the breadth and curvature of the claws, joined to the relative length of the toes, renders it highly probable that this bird does not habitually frequent the ground.  But its great peculiarity lies in the tail, which is moderately lengthened and slightly graduated, having something of the size and form of Leucocirca, excepting that the feathers, instead of being broad, are rather narrow, with the tips acuminated.  Such are the characters of the bird before us.  It is at once distinguished from our sub-genus Muscicapa (as subsequently defined) by its long toes and lengthened graduated bill; and from Leucocirca, by its small slightly bristled bill, and those other indications which unite it to the genuine flycatchers; the whole structure of the bird, particularly in the head, which is thick like that of the robin, is quite opposed to that slenderness of shape so general among its congeners.  Lastly, although not one of the leastof its characteristic marks, is the pure white which ornaments the ends of the three pair of lateral tail-feathers.   ...   WHISKERED FANTAIL.  Myidestes genibarbis, SWAINS.  ...  We are entirely unacquainted with the country it inhabits, and, of course, are equally so regarding its manners. Judging from the formation of its wings, however, we should conclude it was from some part of the warm latitudes of Africa or India   ...   it bears upon its face a flycatcher disguised as a robin." (Swainson 1838); "Myadestes Swainson, 1838, Nat. Libr. Flycatchers, p. 132. Type, by monotypy, Myidestes (sic) genibarbis Swainson." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 89).
Var. Myiadectes (Gr. μυια muia, μυιας muias  fly; δεκτης dektēs  receiver  < δεχομαι dekhomai  to receive), Myiadestes, Myiesthes, Myedestes, Myidestes, Myidastes, Myiedestes, Myiodectes.
Synon. Phaeornis.

Andean Solitaire (ralloides)
Latin Name: Myadestes ralloides ralloides
ralloides
Genus Rallus Linnaeus, 1758, rail; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling.
● "N. 311   TRYNGA (ralloides)  supra fusca, subtus alba, remigibus secundariis aliquot albis.  Magn. Hiaticulæ.  Supra fuscocinerea, capite cerviceque obsoletioribus & substriatis.  Subtus alba, sed collum propre pectus cinerascens.  Remiges nigricantes, primariarum interiores secundariæque margine albæ, harumque binæ fere totæ.  Cauda subacuta, rectricibus mediis nigricantibus, lateralibus cinereis, sensim albicantioribus.  Rostrum apice crassiusculum, pedesque nigra.  [Vallen hier op onze stranden.]" (Pallas 1764 (Sherborn reprint 1905)) (syn. Actitis hypoleucos).
● “the legs and toes are greenish, as in some water-hens” (Ray 1713) (Ardeola).
● "daß ich für einen kurzschnabligen Rallus ausnahm" (Boie 1832) (syn. Eupetes macrocerus).
● “Cette espèce diffère essentiellement du M[uscipeta] armillata ... par le manque de bracelet, de tache blanche aux côtés de la gorge et autour de l’oeil, et par la teinte supérieure brun roux et non pas bleu ardoisé; aussi, après une comparaison minutieuse, nous sommes-nous convaincu que c’est bien une espèce distincte et non pas une variété de sexe, et, d’après sa couleur, analogue à celle des Ralles, nous l’avons nommée Ralloides” (d’Orbigny 1849) (Myadestes).
● "La force des pattes et des ongles beaucoup moin grêles que chez les Poules d'eau, les Râles, et les Porphyrions semble indiquer un oiseau moins marécageux qu'eux et peut-être même marcheur des terrains secs ou simplement herbus" (de La Fresnaye 1840) (syn. Tribonyx mortierii).