Picus Puniceus Bird

English Name:  Crimson-winged Woodpecker
Latin Name:  Picus puniceus
Protonym:  Picus puniceus Trans.Linn.Soc.London(1), 13 p.176
Taxonomy:  Piciformes / Picidae / Picus
Taxonomy Code:  crwwoo1
Type Locality:  Java.
Author:  Horsfield
Publish Year:  1821
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PICUS
(Picidae; Ϯ Eurasian Green Woodpecker P. viridis) L. picus  woodpecker (Roman myth. Picus, king of Latium who married the beauteous nymph and songstress Canens, and was changed into a woodpecker by the spiteful Circe, whose affections he had spurned); "54. PICUS.  Rostrum polyedrum, rectum: apice cuneato.  Nares pennis setaceis obtectæ.  Lingua teres, lumbriciformis, longissima, mucronata, apice retrorsum aculeata setis.   ...   Lingua Picorum & Jyngis inseritur fronti. Intestina cæcis carent.   ...   Pici Larvas insectorum lignum intus rodentium rostro fecante, sono terrefaciente, auditu percipiente: lingua acuta hastata intranse extrahunt, de qua Act. angl. 350. p. 509." (Linnaeus 1758); “The type of this Linnean genus has been fixed on various species out of the thirteen originally contained in it. Gray (List Gen. Bds. 1840, p. 54) selected major, Hargitt (Cat. Bds. B. M. xviii. 1890, p. 518) martius; but Swainson (Zool. Illustr. 1st ser. i. 1820, pl. 14), who appears to have been the first author to designate the type, made it viridis, and this the Committee believe should be accepted.” (BOU 1915);"Picus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 112. Type, by subsequent designation, Picus viridis Linné. (Swainson, Zool. Illustr., 1, 1820, text to pl. 4.)" (Peters 1948, VI, 130). Linnaeus's Picus comprised thirteen species (P. martius, P. principalis, P. pileatus, P. hirundinaceus, P. erythrocephalus, P. carolinus, P. viridis, P. benghalensis, P. semirostris, P. major, P. medius, P. minor, P. tridactylus). 
Var. Pigus.
Synon. Callolophus, Calopicus, Chrysopterus, Cirropicus, Poliopicus.
● (syn. Dendrocopos Ϯ Great Spotted Woodpecker D. major) (see above).
● (syn. Dryocopus Ϯ Black Woodpecker D. martius) (see above).

picus
L. picus  woodpecker, a bird used in augury.
● ex “Talapiot de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 605, “Talapiot” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Climbing Oriole” of Latham 1782 (Dendroplex).
● ex “Piegrièche Rouge à Plastron Blanc” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 65 (artefact).

punicea / puniceus
L. puniceus  purple, red  < Poeniceus or Puniceus Phoenician, Carthaginian  < Poeni  Carthaginians (originally colonists from Phoenicia).
● ex “Lorius amboinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Lori d’Amboine” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 518, “Lori cramoisi” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Blue-breasted Parrot” of Brown 1776, and “Crimson Lory” of Latham 1781 (syn. Eclectus roratus).
● ex “Red-breasted Finch” of Latham 1783 and Pennant 1785 (syn. Hedymeles ludovicianus).
● ex “Crested brown Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Orthorhynchus cristatus).
● L. Puniceus  Punic, Carthaginian (i.e. of North Africa) (syn. Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides).

SUBSPECIES

Crimson-winged Woodpecker (observandus)
Latin Name: Picus puniceus observandus
observandus
L. observandus  which is to be observed  < observare  to watch.

Crimson-winged Woodpecker (soligae)
Latin Name: Picus puniceus soligae
soligae
Soliga, Nias I., Indonesia.

Crimson-winged Woodpecker (puniceus)
Latin Name: Picus puniceus puniceus
punicea / puniceus
L. puniceus  purple, red  < Poeniceus or Puniceus Phoenician, Carthaginian  < Poeni  Carthaginians (originally colonists from Phoenicia).
● ex “Lorius amboinensis” of Brisson 1760, “Lori d’Amboine” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 518, “Lori cramoisi” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Blue-breasted Parrot” of Brown 1776, and “Crimson Lory” of Latham 1781 (syn. Eclectus roratus).
● ex “Red-breasted Finch” of Latham 1783 and Pennant 1785 (syn. Hedymeles ludovicianus).
● ex “Crested brown Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (?syn. Orthorhynchus cristatus).
● L. Puniceus  Punic, Carthaginian (i.e. of North Africa) (syn. Falco peregrinus pelegrinoides).