Glareola Pratincola Bird

English Name:  Collared Pratincole
Latin Name:  Glareola pratincola
Protonym:  Hirundo Pratincola Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.345
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Glareolidae / Glareola
Taxonomy Code:  colpra
Type Locality:  Shores of southern Europe and in Austria, restricted type locality, Austria, B. O. U. Committee.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

GLAREOLA
(Glareolidae; Ϯ Collared Pratincole G. pratincola) Mod. L. glareola  little gravel (bird)  < dim. L. glarea  gravel; "Glareola. Genus 73.  ...  Genus Glareolæ   Le genre de la Perdrix-de-mer.  ...  **1. LA PERDRIX-DE-MER.  ...  GLAREOLA.  ...  On la trouve sur les bords de la mer, des rivieres & des étangs" (Brisson 1760): ex "Koppriegerle" of Gessner 1555, "Hirundo marina" of Aldrovandus 1599-1603, Jonston 1650-1653 and Charleton 1668, "Glareola" and "Sand-Vogel" of Schwenkfeld 1603, and "Pratincola" of Kramer 1756; "Glareola Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 141. Type, by tautonymy, Glareola Brisson = Hirundo pratincola Linné." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 303).
Var. Glareolea, Glariola.   
Synon. Dromochelidon, Galachrysia, Pratincola, Subglareola, Trachelia.

glareola
Dim. < L. glarea  gravel (probably used in the broadest sense of waterside habitat).
● "109. Charadrius Glareola F.  (Fig. pict. G.)  Charadrius fuscus, pectore abdomineque rufescentibus, remigibus fuscis 6—10 medio, 11—12 apice albis.   Habitat ad littora glareosa insulae australis Novae Zeelandiae.   Corpus magnitudine circiter Scolopacis rusticolae." (Forster 1844 (ed. Lichtenstein)) (syn. Charadrius obscurus).
● ex Glareola Brisson, 1760, pratincole, and Glareola austriaca J. Gmelin, 1798 (syn. Glareola pratincola).
● "78. TRINGA.  ...  Glareola.  11. T. rostro lævi, pedibus virescentibus, corpore albo punctato, pectore subalbido. Fn. svec. 152.  Habitat in Europa.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Tringa).

pratincola
L. pratum, prati  meadow; incola  inhabitant  < incolere  to inhabit.
● ex “Perdrix de Mer” and “Perdrix de Mer à collier” of Brisson 1760; “Pratincole ...or inhabitant of meadows, a name given it by Dr Kramer [1756], and adopted by me: placed by Linnaeus with the Hirundo, by Brisson among his Glareolae” (Pennant 1773) (Glareola).

Pratincola
L. pratum, prati  meadow; incola  inhabitant  < incolere  to inhabit.
• (Glareolidae; syn. Glareola † Oriental Pratincole G. maldivarum) "PRATINCOLA.  Austr. Brachvogl.  Habitat in pratis vastissimis ultra Leytæpontum vulgo auf denen Heidwiesen, & circa lacum Nischiteriensem fitis.   ...   Novum itaque genus requirit: cum in pratis potissimum habitet Pratincolam nominavi" (Kramer 1756); "XXVIII Pratincola Krameria   Kramer 381 L. 345 No. 12 Austria" (Pennant 1776); "LII.  Glareola (Pratincola).  1. Maldivarum. Lath. Syn. V. 224.    2. Coromanda. — — — —    3. Madraspatana. — — — —" (Forster 1795); "Grieshuhn.  ...  Pratincola Glareola.  Pratincola. Kramer elench. p. 381. mit Abbildung.  Glareola. Schaeffer elem. orn. Tab. 7. Fig. 5. 6.  Glareola austriaca. Gmelin. S. N. L. 695.  Hirundinis ripariae species. Marsil. Danub. V. Tab. 46.  La Perdrix de Mer. Brisson orn. II. 248. n. I.  ...  Grieshuhn ist der Name, den der Vogel in Baiern, und in Tyrol, wo er auch da ist, führt." (von Paula Schrank 1798); "Pratincola J. R. Forster, 1795, Faunula Indica, p. 11.  Type, by monotypy, Glareola (Pratincola) maldivarum J. Forster, 1795." (JAJ 2021).
• (Muscicapidae; syn. Saxicola † Common Stonechat S. torquatus rubicola) "XL. Gattung. Grasmücke. Pratincola.   ...   Zwei Arten.   112. Braunkehlige Grasmücke. Pratincola Rubetra.   ...   Name: In einigen Gegenden Grasmücke.  113. Schwarzkehlige Grasmücke. Pratincola Rubicola." (Koch 1816); "Pratincola Koch, 1816, Syst. baier. Zool., 1, p. 190.  Type, by original designation, Motacilla rubicola Linnaeus, nec Pratincola Forster, 1795." (Ripley in Peters, 1964, X, p. 104).
Var. Praticola ("5. Saxicola rubicola, rubetra.   ...   5. Wiesenschmätzer. Praticola, Koch." (Kaup 1829)), Pratincula.

SUBSPECIES

Collared Pratincole (pratincola)
Latin Name: Glareola pratincola pratincola
pratincola
L. pratum, prati  meadow; incola  inhabitant  < incolere  to inhabit.
● ex “Perdrix de Mer” and “Perdrix de Mer à collier” of Brisson 1760; “Pratincole ...or inhabitant of meadows, a name given it by Dr Kramer [1756], and adopted by me: placed by Linnaeus with the Hirundo, by Brisson among his Glareolae” (Pennant 1773) (Glareola).

Collared Pratincole (erlangeri)
Latin Name: Glareola pratincola erlangeri
erlangeri
Victor Carl Heinrich Freiherr von Erlanger (called Carlo von Erlanger) (1872-1904) German naturalist, collector in tropical Africa 1900-1901 (subsp. Agricola pallidus, Batis, syn. Bostrychia hagedash brevirostris, syn. Calamonastes simplex, subsp. Calandrella blanfordi, subsp. Camaroptera brachyura, syn. Cinnyris erythrocercus, subsp. Cinnyris nectarinioides, syn. Cisticola lugubris, subsp. Colius striatus, syn. Coturnix coturnix africana, syn. Crithagra reichardi striatipectus, syn. Eremomela flavicrissalis, syn. Estrilda astrild peasei, subsp. Eupodotis senegalensis, subsp. Eurocephalus ruppelli, subsp. Falco biarmicus, subsp. Galerida theklae, subsp. Glareola pratincola, subsp. Gyps rueppelli, syn. Halcyon albiventris orientalis, syn. Indicator minor teitensis, syn. Laniarius nigerrimus, syn. Lanius senator, subsp. Neophedina cincta, syn. Nilaus afer minor, syn. Oenanthe melanura neumanni, syn. Otus scops, syn. Phylloscopus sibilatrix, syn. Pinarochroa sordida, syn. Plocepasser mahali propinquatus, subsp. Prinia somalica, subsp. Pterocles exustus, syn. Ptilopsis granti, subsp. Salpornis salvadori, subsp. Smutsornis africanus, syn. Sylvietta isabellina, syn. Tchagra senegalus habessinicus, syn. Turtur chalcospilos, syn. Tychaedon quadrivirgata, subsp. Tyto alba, syn. Urorhipis rufifrons smithi, syn. Zosterops poliogastrus).

Collared Pratincole (fuelleborni)
Latin Name: Glareola pratincola fuelleborni
fuelleborni / fuellebornii
Dr Friedrich Fülleborn (1866-1933) German naturalist, academic in German East Africa 1896-1900 (syn. Campethera cailliautii nyansae, syn. Caprimulgus vexillarius, Chamaetylas, Cinnyris, subsp. Glareola pratincola, syn. Gyps africanus, Laniarius, Macronyx, syn. Melaniparus leucomelas insignis, subsp. Muscicapa adusta, syn. Ploceus bertrandi).