Turdus Poliocephalus Bird

English Name:  Island Thrush
Latin Name:  Turdus poliocephalus
Protonym:  Turdus poliocephalus Suppl.ind.orn. p.xliv
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Turdidae / Turdus
Taxonomy Code:  islthr1
Type Locality:  Norfolk Island.
Author:  Latham
Publish Year:  1801
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

turdus
L. turdus  thrush.
● ex “Grivetin” of Levaillant 1802, pl. 118 < French Grive thrush (syn. Erythropygia leucophrys).
● "89. Loxia Turdus F.  ...  Habitat in insula australi Novae Zeeelandiae, simillima Turdo, statura, colore, pedibus.  Corpus magnitudine Turdi viscivori, supra fuscum." (Forster 1844) (syn. Turnagra capensis).

POLIOCEPHALUS
(Podicipedidae; Ϯ Hoary-headed Grebe P. poliocephalus) Specific name Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine & Selby, 1827. "FAM. COLYMBIDÆ.   Genus Podiceps. LATH.  ...  Pod. (Poliocephalus, SELBY) (1) Nestor.  Australia.  ...  (1) Mr. Swainson gives to this group a generic value, but we doubt whether it is even entitled to a subgeneric rank." (Selby 1840); "Poliocephalus Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Av., 1840, p. 47. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine and Selby." (Peters 1931, 1, 35) (see nestor).
Var. Poliocephelus.
Synon. Colymbetes, Dasyptilus.

poliocephalus
Gr. πολιος polios  grey, grizzled; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● ex “Grey-headed Cuckow” of Latham 1787 (Cuculus).
● ex “Ash-headed Thrush” of Latham 1801 (Turdus).

SUBSPECIES

Island Thrush (Christmas)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus erythropleurus
erythropleura / erythropleurus
Gr. ερυθρος eruthros  red; πλευρα pleura  rib, side, flank.

Island Thrush (Loeser's)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus loeseri
loeseri
Mt. Leuser, Sumatra.

Island Thrush (Sumatran)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus indrapurae
indrapurae
Indrapura, western Sumatra, Dutch East Indies (= Indonesia).

Island Thrush (Javan)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus javanicus/biesenbachi
TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

Island Thrush (Sooty)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus fumidus
fumidus
L. fumidus  smoky  < fumus, fumi   smoke.

Island Thrush (Stresemann's)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus whiteheadi/stresemanni
TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

Island Thrush (Bornean)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus seebohmi
seebohmi
Henry Seebohm (1832-1895) British businessman, ornithologist, oologist, traveller (subsp. Alaudala rufescens, Amphilais, syn. Anthus gustavi, Atlapetes, subsp. Charadrius alexandrinus, syn. Chloris sinica kittlitzi, syn. Himantopus leucocephalus, Horornis, syn. Lanius borealis sibiricus, Locustella, Oenanthe, syn. Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus, subsp. Picoides kizuki, syn. Poecile palustris hensoni, subsp. Rhinoptilus cinctus, subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Luzon)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus thomassoni/mayonensis
TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

Island Thrush (Mindoro)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus mindorensis
mindorensis
Mindoro, Philippines.

Island Thrush (Negros)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus nigrorum
nigrorum
● Mod. L. Nigrorum  of Negros, Philippines; the island was named Isla de Negros by the Spaniards because of its dark-skinned inhabitants  < L. niger  black.
● Mod. L. Terra Nigrorum  land of the negroes (i.e. West Africa); "Alseonax cinereus nigrorum nom. nov. versus A. cinereus cinerascens (Sharpe). Muscicapa cinerascens Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iv, p. 155 (1879 - Gold Coast), nec Spix, Aves Bras. ii, p. 16, pl. xii (1825)" (Collin & Hartert 1927) (subsp. Fraseria caerulescens).

Island Thrush (Malindang)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus malindangensis
malindangensis
Mt. Malindang, Mindanao, Philippines.

Island Thrush (Katanglad)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus katanglad
katanglad
Mt. Katanglad, Bukidnon Province, Mindanao, Philippines.

Island Thrush (Apo)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus kelleri
kelleri
Cpl. Fletcher Levanis Keller (1877-1951) US Army in the Philippines 1902-1905, explorer (Paul Scofield in litt.) (subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Latimojong)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus hygroscopus
hygroscopus
Gr. ὑγρος hugros  wet, moist, liquid; σκοπος skopos  seeker  < σκοπεω skopeō  to watch.

Island Thrush (Lompobattang)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus celebensis
celebense / celebensis
Celebes, Dutch East Indies / Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Island Thrush (Schlegel's)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus schlegelii
schlegelii
Hermann Schlegel (1804-1884) German ornithologist (syn. Antigone canadensis, syn. Caprimulgus macrurus, Emarginata, syn. Eos rubra, syn. Geoffroyus geoffroyi rhodops, syn. Halcyon coromanda, Pachycephala, Peliperdix, syn. Tanysiptera galatea riedelii, subsp. Turdus poliocephalus) (see schlegeli).

Island Thrush (Sterling's)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus sterlingi
sterlingi
John Sterling Rockefeller (1904-1988) US philanthropist, naturalist, sponsor (subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Seram)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus deningeri
deningeri
Prof. Karl Julius Deninger (1878-1917) German zoologist, geologist, explorer, leader of the second Freiburger Moluccan Expedition 1911-1912 (Lichmera, subsp. Phaenicophaeus curvirostris, subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Jayawijaya)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus versteegi
versteegi
Dr Gerard Martin Versteeg (1876-1943) Dutch physician in the East Indies 1905-1928, botanist, zoologist, explorer in Suriname 1903-1904, and New Guinea 1907, 1912-1913 (subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Ashy)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus erebus
erebus
Gr. myth. Erebus, son of Chaos, the personification of darkness and the portal to Hades (i.e. black, stygian) (subsp. Calyptorhynchus lathami, subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Papuan)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus papuensis
papuanus / papuense / papuensis
Papua or New Guinea.
● ex “Petit Lori Papou” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Papouan Lory” of Latham 1781 (syn. Charmosyna papou).
● ex “Choucari de la Nouvelle Guinée” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 630, and “Papuan Crow” of Latham 1781 (Coracina).
● Erroneous TL. New Guinea (= Philippines); ex “Manikor de la Nouvelle Guinée” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 707, fig. 2, “Manikor” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Papuan Manakin” of Latham 1783 (syn. Dicaeum australe).

Island Thrush (Goodenough)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus canescens
canescens
L. canescens, canescentis  greyish  < canescere  to become hoary or white  < canere  to be grey  < canus grey.
● ex “Van Diemen’s Warbler” of Latham 1787 (subsp. Phylidonyris novaehollandiae).
● ex “Cinereous Godwit” of Pennant 1768, and Latham 1785 (syn. Tringa nebularia).

Island Thrush (North Melanesian)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus [heinrothi Group]
TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

Island Thrush (Kolombangara)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus kulambangrae
kulambangrae
Kulambangra I. (= Kolombangara), Solomon Is.

Island Thrush (Vanuatu)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus [vanikorensis Group]
TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

Island Thrush (Ureparapara)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus placens
placens / placentis
L. placens, placentis  charming, pleasing  < placere  to please.

Island Thrush (Efate)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus efatensis
efatensis
Efate I., New Hebrides / Vanuatu.

Island Thrush (White-headed)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus pritzbueri/albifrons
TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

Island Thrush (New Caledonia)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus xanthopus
xanthopus
Gr. ξανθος xanthos  yellow; πους pous, ποδος podos  foot (cf. ξανθωπος xanthōpos  golden-looking).

Island Thrush (Mare)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus mareensis
mareensis
Maré I., Loyalty Is.

Island Thrush (Norfolk I.)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus
POLIOCEPHALUS
(Podicipedidae; Ϯ Hoary-headed Grebe P. poliocephalus) Specific name Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine & Selby, 1827. "FAM. COLYMBIDÆ.   Genus Podiceps. LATH.  ...  Pod. (Poliocephalus, SELBY) (1) Nestor.  Australia.  ...  (1) Mr. Swainson gives to this group a generic value, but we doubt whether it is even entitled to a subgeneric rank." (Selby 1840); "Poliocephalus Selby, Cat. Gen. Subgen. Types Av., 1840, p. 47. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Podiceps poliocephalus Jardine and Selby." (Peters 1931, 1, 35) (see nestor).
Var. Poliocephelus.
Synon. Colymbetes, Dasyptilus.

Island Thrush (Lord Howe I.)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus
vinitincta / vinitinctus
L. vinum, vini  wine; tinctus  dyed, tinted  < tingere  to dye.

Island Thrush (Viti Levu)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus layardi
layardi
Edgar Leopold Layard (1824-1900) English diplomat/ civil servant in Ceylon, Cape Colony, New Caledonia and Brazil, naturalist, explorer in Melanesia (subsp. Accipiter trivirgatus, syn. Cercomela tractrac, subsp. Chalcites lucidus, syn. Chrysoena viridis, subsp. Clytorhynchus vitiensis, subsp. Coracina macei, syn. Geokichla citrina, subsp. Lepidocolaptes fuscicapillus, Megapodius, subsp. Pycnonotus barbatus, Rhipidura (ex Rhipidura albogularis Layard), Sylvia, syn. Thalassarche salvini, subsp. Turdus poliocephalus) (see lyardi).

Island Thrush (Kadavu)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus ruficeps
ruficeps
L. rufus  red, ruddy; -ceps  -headed  < caput, capitis  head.
● ex “Tordo del corona de canela” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 72 (syn. Chrysomus ruficapillus).

Island Thrush (Vanua Levu)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus vitiensis
vitiensis
Fijian name Viti for their home islands.

Island Thrush (Satanic)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus hades
hades
Gr. myth. Hades, the underworld (i.e. black, dark, gloomy) (subsp. Myzomela pammelaena, subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Taveuni)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus tempesti
tempesti
Alphonsus Joseph Tempest (b. 1844) British plantation owner on Taveuni, Fiji (subsp. Turdus poliocephalus).

Island Thrush (Samoan)
Latin Name: Turdus poliocephalus samoensis
samoensis
Samoa (Samoan sa sacred; moa centre, place).