Turdus Pilaris Bird

English Name:  Fieldfare
Latin Name:  Turdus pilaris
Protonym:  Turdus pilaris Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.168
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Turdidae / Turdus
Taxonomy Code:  fieldf
Type Locality:  Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert, 1910, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 646.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

TURDUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Mistle Thrush T. viscivorus) L. turdus  thrush; "95. TURDUS.  Rostrum tereti-cultratum, maxilla superiore apice deflexo.  Nares nudæ, superne membranula semitectæ.  Lingua lacero-emarginata." (Linnaeus 1758); "Turdus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 168. Type, by subsequent designation (Gray, 1840, List Gen. Birds, p. 27), Turdus viscivorus Linnaeus." (Ripley in Peters 1964, X, 177). Linnaeus's Turdus comprised sixteen species (T. viscivorus, T. pilaris, T. iliacus, T. musicus, T. Canorus, T. rufus, T. polyglottos, T. Orpheus, T. plumbeus, T. crinitus, T. roseus, T. Merula, T. torquatus, T. solitarius, T. arundinaceus, T. virens).   
Var. Turus, Trudus, Turtus, Curdus.     
Synon. Afrocichla, Arceuthornis, Cichlherminia, Cichloides, Cichloselys, Copsichus, Copsicus, Cossyphopsis, Galeoscoptes, Haplocichla, Hodoiporus, Iliacus, Ixocossyphus, Lamprophonus, Melizocincla, Meridiocichla, Merula, Merulissima, Mimocichla, Mimokitta, Nesocichla, Peliocichla, Petrocincla, Planesticus, Platycichla, Semimerula, Thoracocincla, Turdela, Turdicus.

turdus
L. turdus  thrush.
● ex “Grivetin” of Levaillant 1802, pl. 118 < French Grive thrush (syn. Erythropygia leucophrys).
● "89. Loxia Turdus F.  ...  Habitat in insula australi Novae Zeeelandiae, simillima Turdo, statura, colore, pedibus.  Corpus magnitudine Turdi viscivori, supra fuscum." (Forster 1844) (syn. Turnagra capensis).

pilaris
● L. pilaris  hairless (i.e. crestless)  <  pilare  to deprive of hair  < pilus  hair; "Diese der vorhergehenden [Colopterus cristatus = Colopteryx galeatus] sehr ähnliche Art unterscheidet sich besonders durch den Mangel eines deutlichen Schopfes" (Cabanis 1847) (Atalotriccus).
● Mod. L. pilaris  thrush; a confused coining from L. pilus  hair, mistaking Gr. τριχας trikhas  type of thrush, for θριξ thrix, τριχος trikhos  hair (cf. pilaris  of the ball  < pila  ball); "95. TURDUS.  ...  pilaris.  2. T. rectricibus nigris: extimis margine interiore apice albicantibus, capite uropygioque cano. Fn. svec. 188.  Turdus pilaris. Gesn. av. 753. Aldr. orn. l. 16. c. 3. Will. orn. 138. t. 37. Raj. av. 64. n. 3. Alb. av. I. p. 34. t. 36. Frisch. av. . . t. 26. f. 1. 2. Olin. av. 25.  Habitat in Europa.  Romani in ornithone maxima diligentia alebant Turdos, altiles reddebant, care pendebant, teste Varrone, Plutarcho.  Nil melius Turdo, nil vulva pulchrius ampla. Horat." (Linnaeus 1758) (Turdus).