Chiroxiphia Pareola Bird

English Name:  Blue-backed Manakin
Latin Name:  Chiroxiphia pareola
Protonym:  [Pipra] pareola Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.339
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Pipridae / Chiroxiphia
Taxonomy Code:  blbman1
Type Locality:  Brasilia, Cayana; restricted to Cayenne by Pinto, 1944, Cat. Aves Brasil (Publ. Dept. Zool., Sao Paulo), pt. 2, p. 84.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CHIROXIPHIA
(Pipridae; Ϯ Blue Manakin C. caudata) Gr. χειρ kheir, χειρος kheiros  hand; ξιφος xiphos  sword (cf. dim. ξιφιδιον xiphidion  dagger; the ξιφιον xiphion of Cabanis 1847 is, in fact, the corn-flag or gladiolus); "Gen. Chiroxiphia  n. gen. (χειρ, Hand; ξιφιον, gerader Degen.)  Hauptunterschiede von Pipra sind: Zugespitzte, stark verengte Handschwingen, stärker entwickelte Armschwingen und verlängerte zugespitzte mittlere Schwanzfedern.  Hierher gehören:  1. Ch. caudata.  Pipra caudata Gm. Lath.    2. Ch. ignicapilla.  Pipra ignicapilla Wagl.    3. Ch. pareola.  Pipra pareola Lin.    4. Ch. militaris.  Pipra militaris Shaw.    5. Ch. oxyura.  Pipra oxyura v. Olf. " (Cabanis 1847); "Chiroxiphia Cabanis, 1847, Archiv f. Naturg., 13 (1), p. 235. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds, p. 55), Pipra caudata Shaw and Nodder." (Snow in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 267).
Var. Cheiroxiphia, Chiroxyphia, Chiroxiphya.
Synon. Cercophaena, Chiroprion.

pareola
Mod. L. pareola  little tit  < dim. genus Parus Linnaeus, 1758, tit.
● ex “Tije-guacu” of Marcgrave 1648, and Willughby 1676, “Parus dorso caeruleo” of Edwards 1743-1751, and “Manacus cristatus niger” of Brisson 1760 (Chiroxiphia).
● ex "Tachuri peccho amarillo" of de Azara 1802, no. 165 (syn. Polystictus pectoralis).

SUBSPECIES

Blue-backed Manakin (pareola/atlantica)
Latin Name: Chiroxiphia pareola pareola/atlantica
CHIROXIPHIA
(Pipridae; Ϯ Blue Manakin C. caudata) Gr. χειρ kheir, χειρος kheiros  hand; ξιφος xiphos  sword (cf. dim. ξιφιδιον xiphidion  dagger; the ξιφιον xiphion of Cabanis 1847 is, in fact, the corn-flag or gladiolus); "Gen. Chiroxiphia  n. gen. (χειρ, Hand; ξιφιον, gerader Degen.)  Hauptunterschiede von Pipra sind: Zugespitzte, stark verengte Handschwingen, stärker entwickelte Armschwingen und verlängerte zugespitzte mittlere Schwanzfedern.  Hierher gehören:  1. Ch. caudata.  Pipra caudata Gm. Lath.    2. Ch. ignicapilla.  Pipra ignicapilla Wagl.    3. Ch. pareola.  Pipra pareola Lin.    4. Ch. militaris.  Pipra militaris Shaw.    5. Ch. oxyura.  Pipra oxyura v. Olf. " (Cabanis 1847); "Chiroxiphia Cabanis, 1847, Archiv f. Naturg., 13 (1), p. 235. Type, by subsequent designation (G. R. Gray, 1855, Cat. Genera Subgenera Birds, p. 55), Pipra caudata Shaw and Nodder." (Snow in Peters, 1979, VIII, p. 267).
Var. Cheiroxiphia, Chiroxyphia, Chiroxiphya.
Synon. Cercophaena, Chiroprion.

Blue-backed Manakin (napensis)
Latin Name: Chiroxiphia pareola napensis
napensis
Napo Province, eastern Ecuador.
● Río Napo, eastern Ecuador (subsp. Psophia crepitans).
● Junction of Curaray and Napo Rivers, Ecuador (= Peru) (Stigmatura).

Blue-backed Manakin (regina)
Latin Name: Chiroxiphia pareola regina
regina / reginae
L. regina  queen  < rex, regis  king  < regere  to rule (e.g. larger, crowned, with more colourful or regal plumage).
● Caroline Josepha Leopoldine Archduchess of Austria known as Maria Leopoldine Empress Consort of Brazil (1797-1826; reigned 1822-1826) wife of Pedro I Emperor of Brazil (Martin Schneider in litt.) (subsp. Chiroxiphia pareola).
● Caroline Augusta of Bavaria Empress Consort of Austria and Queen Consort of Hungary and Bohemia (1792-1873; reigned 1816-1835) (syn. Lophornis gouldii).
● Alexandrina Victoria Queen of Great Britain (1819-1901; reigned 1837-1901) (syn. Lophornis stictolophus).