Ixoreus Naevius Bird

English Name:  Varied Thrush
Latin Name:  Ixoreus naevius
Protonym:  Turdus naevius Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.817
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Turdidae / Ixoreus
Taxonomy Code:  varthr
Type Locality:  in sinu Americae Natcae [= Nootka Sound, Vancouver Island, British Columbia].
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

IXOREUS
(Turdidae; Ϯ Varied Thrush I. naevius) Gr. ιξος ixos mistletoe; genus Orpheus Swainson, 1828, mockingbird. Audubon 1837, painted a Mountain Mocking-bird Orpheus montanus (= Sage Thrasher Oreoscoptes) and two Varied Thrushes together on the same plate, and Bonaparte 1854, mistook this representation to indicate relationship; “Malgré les efforts de plume et de pinceau du célèbre ornithologiste Audubon, le Turdus naevius, Gm. (Orpheus meruloides, Sw.), n’est pas une Grive ni même un Chanteur, mais un VOLUCRE Tenioptérien, type de mon nouveau genre Ixoreus.”
Synon. Hesperocichla.
● (syn. Neoxolmis Ϯ Chocolate-vented Tyrant N. rufiventris) "25. TURDUS NÆVIUS.  ...  The true type of Prince Bonaparte's subgeneric term Ixoreus, used by Professor Baird for this bird, is, as I know from its having been pointed out to me by the founder in the Jardin de Plantes' collection, the S. American Tænioptera rufiventris (Tyrannus rufiventris, Vieill.; Tænioptera variegata, G. R. Gray; D'Orb. Voy. Ois. t. 39. fig. 2; gen. Myiotheretes, Reichb.).  It was from confounding this bird with the present, that the strange remark was made, which I have already alluded to (P. Z. S. 1857, p. 4), concerning the natural position of this bird, in Compt. Rendus, xxxviii. p. 3 (Notes Orn. p. 26)." (P. Sclater 1859).

naevius
L. naevius  spotted, marked  < naevus spot, blemish.
● ex “Fourmilier tacheté de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 823, fig. 2, and “Spotted Manakin” of Latham 1783 (Hylophylax).
● ex “Spotted Thrush” of Latham 1783, and “Varied Thrush” of Pennant 1785 (Ixoreus).
● ex “Mottled Owl” of Latham 1781, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Megascops asio).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à poitrine tachetée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 574, fig. 3, and “Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Myiophobus fasciatus).
● ex “Pouacre de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 939 (syn. Nycticorax nycticorax).
● ex “Crested Shag” of Cook 1777, and “Spotted Shag” of Latham 1785 (syn. Stictocarbo punctatus).
● ex “Spotted Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Thamnophilus punctatus).
● ex “Ococolin” or “Perdix montana” of Ray 1713, and Seba 1734-1765, “Perdrix montana mexicana” of Brisson 1760, “Ococolin” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Partridge” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Varied Thrush (naevius)
Latin Name: Ixoreus naevius naevius
naevius
L. naevius  spotted, marked  < naevus spot, blemish.
● ex “Fourmilier tacheté de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 823, fig. 2, and “Spotted Manakin” of Latham 1783 (Hylophylax).
● ex “Spotted Thrush” of Latham 1783, and “Varied Thrush” of Pennant 1785 (Ixoreus).
● ex “Mottled Owl” of Latham 1781, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Megascops asio).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à poitrine tachetée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 574, fig. 3, and “Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Myiophobus fasciatus).
● ex “Pouacre de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 939 (syn. Nycticorax nycticorax).
● ex “Crested Shag” of Cook 1777, and “Spotted Shag” of Latham 1785 (syn. Stictocarbo punctatus).
● ex “Spotted Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Thamnophilus punctatus).
● ex “Ococolin” or “Perdix montana” of Ray 1713, and Seba 1734-1765, “Perdrix montana mexicana” of Brisson 1760, “Ococolin” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Partridge” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Varied Thrush (meruloides)
Latin Name: Ixoreus naevius meruloides
meruloides
L. merula  thrush, blackbird (cf. genus Merula Boddaert 1783, thrush); Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling (e.g. with spotted underparts).
● Subfamily Merulina Vigors, 1825, thrushes  < "Merula" Ray 1713, thrush  < L. merula  thrush; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "*CHAMÆZA.  ...  Genus subfamilias Myiotherinam, Swains., et Merulinam eximie connectens.   MERULOIDES.  C. supra brunnea, subtus rufescenti-albida, nigro longitudinaliter maculata; gula alba; crisso, rectricumque apice rufescentibus.   Habitat in Brasilia." (Vigors 1825) (Chamaeza).
● Specific name Dendrocolaptes merula Lichtenstein, 1820; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "DENDROCOPS   ...   11º.  D. MERULOIDES, Nob.  Cette espèce, extrêmement voisine du Dend. merula, n'en diffère que parce qu'elle n'a pas, comme lui, la gorge blanche.  Son croupion n'est que roussâtre, et non roux canelle, comme chez le merula; il en est de même pour la nuance de l'abdomen et de l'anus, et aussi de la queue, qui est d'un canelle plus foncé chez le merula." (de La Fresnaye 1851) (Dendrocincla).
● "1.  ORPHEUS MERULOIDES. (Swainson.)  Thrush-like Mock-bird.  ... The structure of this bird appears intermediate between Merula and Orpheus.  To the first it assimilates by the comparative straighness of its bill, the length of its wings, and the size, length, and scutellation of its tarsi.  On the other hand, it exhibits unequivocal indications of those characters by which Orpheus is so decidedly separate from the true Thrushes; the notch of the upper mandible is nearly obsolete; the wings, although long, are slightly rounded; and the tail is not only rounded and more lengthened, but the lateral feathers are marked with those conspicuous white tips, which so strongly characterize the Mocking-birds.   ...   In placing this bird with its true congeners, we have ventured to bestow upon it a specific name, which will express what appears to us its real affinities." (Swainson 1832) (subsp. Ixoreus naevius).
● "Genus. MIMETA   ...   3  MERULOIDES.  Mim. supra brunnescenti-olivacea, fusco striata, subtus alba fusco striatim guttata; tectricibus supernis remigibusque secundariis pallido-rufo marginatis; rectricibus apice albis." (Vigors & Horsfield 1827) (syn. Oriolus sagittatus ☼).
● "Timixos  ...  T. meruloides, Nobis.  ...  General colour dull brown, paler underneath, and having a slight rusty tinge on the rump, flanks and belly; throat and fore-neck whitish, indistinctly spotted with brown" (Blyth 1842) (syn. Pachycephala olivacea) (see Timixos).
● "FRINGILLA MERULOÏDES.  n. s.  Fring. supra brunnea, alis, uropygio, crissoque rufescentibus; subtus alba, rufo-brunneo maculata.  Rostri mandibula superior nigricans, lateribus medioque flavis." (Vigors 1839) (syn. Passerella unalaschcensis).
● Specific name Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling (syn. Turdus torquatus).

Varied Thrush (carlottae)
Latin Name: Ixoreus naevius carlottae
carlottae
Queen Charlotte Is., British Columbia, Canada.