Hylophylax Naevius Bird

English Name:  Spot-backed Antbird
Latin Name:  Hylophylax naevius
Protonym:  Pipra naevia Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.1003
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Thamnophilidae / Hylophylax
Taxonomy Code:  spbant6
Type Locality:  South America = Cayenne.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

HYLOPHYLAX
(Thamnophilidae; Ϯ Spotted Antbird H. naevioides) Gr. ὑλη hulē woodland, forest; φυλαξ phulax, φυλακος phulakos  watcher, sentinel  < φυλασσω phulassō  to keep guard; "Hylophylax gen. nov.  (Formicariidæ.)   Agreeing with Pithys Vieillot, Anoplops Cabanis, Rhegmatorhina Ridgway, Phlegopsis Reichenbach, etc. (and differing from Hypocnemis Cabanis), in having the second phalanx of middle toe partly united to outer toe and the acrotarsium fused (not scutellate) but differing from the first in absence of crests and very different character of nostrils, from the second in featherless orbital region and other characters; nearest Sclateria, but differing in relatively much shorter and broader bill and very different style of coloration.   Type.—Conopophaga nævioides Lafresnaye.  ('Yλη, a wood, forest; φυλαξ, a watcher, guard, sentinel.)" (Ridgway 1909); "Hylophylax RIDGWAY, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22, Apr. 1909, p. 70 (type [by original designation] Conopophaga naevioides LAFRESNAYE)." (Hellmayr, 1924, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. III, p. 307).
Var. Hylophyla, Hydrophyla.
Synon. Stictomyrmornis.

naevius
L. naevius  spotted, marked  < naevus spot, blemish.
● ex “Fourmilier tacheté de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 823, fig. 2, and “Spotted Manakin” of Latham 1783 (Hylophylax).
● ex “Spotted Thrush” of Latham 1783, and “Varied Thrush” of Pennant 1785 (Ixoreus).
● ex “Mottled Owl” of Latham 1781, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Megascops asio).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à poitrine tachetée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 574, fig. 3, and “Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Myiophobus fasciatus).
● ex “Pouacre de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 939 (syn. Nycticorax nycticorax).
● ex “Crested Shag” of Cook 1777, and “Spotted Shag” of Latham 1785 (syn. Stictocarbo punctatus).
● ex “Spotted Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Thamnophilus punctatus).
● ex “Ococolin” or “Perdix montana” of Ray 1713, and Seba 1734-1765, “Perdrix montana mexicana” of Brisson 1760, “Ococolin” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Partridge” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

Spot-backed Antbird (naevius)
Latin Name: Hylophylax naevius naevius
naevius
L. naevius  spotted, marked  < naevus spot, blemish.
● ex “Fourmilier tacheté de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 823, fig. 2, and “Spotted Manakin” of Latham 1783 (Hylophylax).
● ex “Spotted Thrush” of Latham 1783, and “Varied Thrush” of Pennant 1785 (Ixoreus).
● ex “Mottled Owl” of Latham 1781, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Megascops asio).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à poitrine tachetée de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 574, fig. 3, and “Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Myiophobus fasciatus).
● ex “Pouacre de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 939 (syn. Nycticorax nycticorax).
● ex “Crested Shag” of Cook 1777, and “Spotted Shag” of Latham 1785 (syn. Stictocarbo punctatus).
● ex “Spotted Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Thamnophilus punctatus).
● ex “Ococolin” or “Perdix montana” of Ray 1713, and Seba 1734-1765, “Perdrix montana mexicana” of Brisson 1760, “Ococolin” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Partridge” of Latham 1783 (unident.).

Spot-backed Antbird (theresae)
Latin Name: Hylophylax naevius theresae
theresae
● Dr Theresa Rachel Clay (1911-1995) British parasitologist, authority on bird-lice, collector (syn. Alauda arvensis, syn. Anthus pratensis whistleri, syn. Bucanetes githaginea zedlitzi, syn. Coccothraustes coccothraustes buvryi, syn. Crithagra albogularis sordahlae, syn. Emberiza sahari, subsp. Galerida theklae, syn. Garrulus glandarius minor, subsp. Lanius excubitor, subsp. Melierax metabates, syn. Oenanthe moesta, subsp. Onychognathus tenuirostris, syn. Ptyonoprogne rupestris, Pyrgilauda, syn. Saxicola rubicola hibernans, syn. Scleroptila psilolaema elgonensis, subsp. Scotocerca saharae, syn. Spizocorys sclateri, syn. Sylvia nana, syn. Turdoides caudatus salvadorii, syn. Turdus viscivorus deichleri).
● Therese Charlotte Maria Anna Princess of Bavaria (1850–1925) German zoologist, anthropologist, explorer, daughter of Luitpold Prince-Regent of Bavaria (subsp. Hapalopsittaca amazonina).
● Probably after the Maria Theresa thaler or dollar, a silver-bullion coin much in demand in Africa and the Middle East (named after Maria Theresa Archduchess of Austria and Queen of Hungary (1717-1780; reigned 1740-1780)); "Scents and hair-oil were also very much sought after by the people of Bornu, a fact which, I think, revealed a trace of their Eastern origin. They did not care at all for beads, preferring the Maria Theresa dollar, which they beat and made into silver ornaments" (Alexander 1907) (Mark Brown and Martin Schneider in litt.)) (syn. Indicator maculatus stictithorax).
● Teresa Cristina Maria Princess of the Two Sicilies and Empress Consort of Brazil (1822-1889; reigned 1843-1889) renowned for her generosity, patience and support of Brazilian culture (Joek Roex in litt.) (subsp. Hylophylax naevius).
● Therese "Resi" Reiser née Höfner (1860-1953) wife of Austrian ornithologist Dr Otmar Reiser (Martin Schneider in litt.) (syn. Ramphastos vitellinus ariel).

Spot-backed Antbird (peruvianus)
Latin Name: Hylophylax naevius peruvianus
peruana / peruanum / peruanus / peruvia / peruviana / peruvianus / peruviensis
Peru. Said to be named after Biru, a local Inca encountered by the conquistadores (although the name is also accredited to a Panamanian cazique). Until the early 18^th century the Viceroyalty of Peru included all Spanish possessions in South America.
● ex “Geai du Pérou” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 625, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Peruvian Jay” of Latham 1781 (syn. Cyanocorax yncas).
● ex “Coq de Roche du Pérou” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 745, and de Buffon 1770-1783 (Rupicola).
● Erroneous TL. Peru (= Brazil) (Tangara).
● Erroneous TL. Peru (= Tahiti) (Vini).

Spot-backed Antbird (inexpectatus)
Latin Name: Hylophylax naevius inexpectatus
inexpecta / inexpectata / inexpectatum / inexpectatus / inexpectus / inexspectata / inexspectatus
L. inexspectatus  unexpected, surprising, unlooked for  < in-  not; exspectatus  awaited, expected  < exspectare  to await.
● “In view of the stability shown by Arremonops conirostris conirostris through a wide area, the appearance of this form so near the type-locality of that race is surprising and inexplicable” (Chapman 1914) (subsp. Arremonops conirostris).
● “It certainly was unexpected to find such a striking and hitherto unknown species on Guadalcanar, and this and the discovery of other new forms on the island shows that the ornithological exploration of Guadalcanar has hitherto been very imperfect” (Hartert 1929) (Guadalcanaria).
● “et necata inexpectatum nobis gaudium dedit novae speciei, ante nunquam visae” (Forster 1844) (Pterodroma).
● "Named both for the unexpected nature of its distribution, being restricted to two provinces of Ghana, and the fact that there are no obvious geographic barriers that separate it from two other members of the genus" (Voelker et al. 2016) (subsp. Stiphrornis erythrothorax).
● “On examining a large series of birdskins collected in the northern parts of Celebes and presented to the Leyden Museum by S. C. I. W. van Musschenbroek, Esq., I was quite astonished to find, that there exists in the Minahassa, beside Strix [= Tyto ] Rosenbergii, another large species of Barn-owl, very different as well from Strix Rosenbergii as from all the other known species” (Schlegel 1879) (Tyto).

Spot-backed Antbird (ochraceus)
Latin Name: Hylophylax naevius ochraceus
ochraceum / ochraceus
Mod. L. ochraceus  ochraceous, ochreous  < L. ochra  ochre  < Gr. ωχρα ōkhra  yellow ochre.