Onychognathus Morio Bird

English Name:  Red-winged Starling
Latin Name:  Onychognathus morio
Protonym:  Turdus morio Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.297
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Sturnidae / Onychognathus
Taxonomy Code:  rewsta1
Type Locality:  Cape of Good Hope.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

ONYCHOGNATHUS
(Sturnidae; Ϯ Chestnut-winged Starling O. fulgidus) Gr. ονυξ onux, ονυχος onukhos  claw, nail; γναθος gnathos  jaw; "1. Onychognathus, Nob., n. gen.  Familia Sturnidæ, subfam.— Ptilonorhynchinæ, Gray.   Char. gen. rostrum (pl. 14, fig. 2). Capite longius, compressum, grypanium, aduncum, culmine arcuato, basi applanato-rotundato; apice acuto elongato uncinato.  Cauda valde gradata, elongata; rectrices angustæ debiles, apice rotundatæ.  Alæ mediocres, remige prima spuria; tertia, quarta et quinta cæteris longioribus, æqualibus; remiges tertiariæ (pl. 14, f. 3) et tectrices alæ majores structuram exhibent valde extraordinariam; pogonium externum fascia longitudinali holosericea in duo quasi dimidia dispertitur, quorum unum superius (sæpo proximum) ordinarium, alterum inferius decompositum, laxum, quasi fimbriatum dependet.  Pedes robusti, breves, digito interno et externo æqualibus; unguibus mediocribus, validis.   O. fulgidus, Nob.   ...   Habitat: île Saint-Thomé, golfe de Guinée." (Hartlaub 1849); "Onychognathus Hartlaub, 1849, Rev. Mag. Zool. (Paris), p. 494. Type, by monotypy, Onychognathus fulgidus Hartlaub." (Amadon in Peters 1962, XV, 87).   
Var. Onychoramphus (Gr. ραμφος rhamphos  bill), Onychorhamphus, Onicognathus, Onycognathus, Onychognatus.   
Synon. Amydrus, Cinnamopterus, Galeopsar, Hagiopsar, Nabouroupus, Oligomydrus, Pilorhinus, Ptilonorhynchus, Pyrrhocheira.

morio
L. morio or morion  dark brown stone, black quartz  < mormorion, mormorionis  dark-brown crystal.
● ex “Merle du cap de bonne Espérance” of Brisson 1760 (Onychognathus).

SUBSPECIES

Red-winged Starling (morio)
Latin Name: Onychognathus morio morio
morio
L. morio or morion  dark brown stone, black quartz  < mormorion, mormorionis  dark-brown crystal.
● ex “Merle du cap de bonne Espérance” of Brisson 1760 (Onychognathus).

Red-winged Starling (rueppellii)
Latin Name: Onychognathus morio rueppellii
rueppelii / rueppelli / rueppellii
Wilhelm Peter Eduard Simon Rüppell (1794-1884) German zoologist, explorer in north-east Africa and the Middle East (syn. Accipiter badius sphenurus, syn. Ardea alba melanorhyncha, syn. Galerida theklae praetermissa, Gyps, Heterotetrax, syn. Leptoptilos crumeniferus, subsp. Onychognathus morio, syn. Plectropterus gambensis, syn. Plocepasser superciliosus, Poicephalus, syn. Prinia buchanani, syn. Pternistis clappertoni, syn. Tachymarptis aequatorialis, syn. Xiphidiopicus percussus).