Corvus Monedula Bird

English Name:  Eurasian Jackdaw
Latin Name:  Corvus monedula
Protonym:  Corvus Monedula Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.106
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Corvidae / Corvus
Taxonomy Code:  eurjac
Type Locality:  Europa; restricted to Sweden by Hartert (1903, Vog. pal. Fauna, 1, p. 15).
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

CORVUS
(Corvidae; Ϯ Common Raven C. corax) L. corvus  raven. In fable the Raven was originally white but, despite its supposed gift of prophecy, was turned into a black bird for its treachery. The Common or Northern Raven is the largest species of passerine bird; "48. CORVUS.  Rostrum convexum, cultratum, basi pennis setaceis tectum.  Lingua cartilaginea bifida." (Linnaeus 1758); "Corvus Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, p. 105. Type, by tautonymy, "Corvus", i.e. Corvus corax Linnaeus." (Blake & Vaurie in Peters, 1962, XV, p. 261).  This is the ninth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy.  Linnaeus's Corvus comprised twelve species (C. Corax, C. Corone, C. frugilegus, C. Cornix, C. Monedula, C. benghalensis, C. glandarius, C. cristatus, C. Caryocatactes, C. Pica, C. paradisi, C. infaustus).     
Var. Cervus, Coruus.   
Synon. Amblycorax, Anomalocorax, Archicorax, Coloeus, Corax, Corone, Corvultur, Frugilegus, Gymnocorax, Gymnocorvus, Heterocorax, Macrocorax, Microcorax, Monedula, Nesocorax, Palaeocorax, Physocorax, Pterocorax, Rhinocorax, Sitocorax, Trypanocorax.

corvus
L. corvus raven.
● From a local name Caa Maa crow gull, for the Black-legged Kittiwake in the Shetlands (syn. Rissa tridactyla).

monedula
L. monedula  jackdaw  < moneta  coin, money; edulis  food  < edere  to eat; in myth. Arne of Thrace was turned into a jackdaw after betraying her country to Minos of Crete for gold; "48. CORVUS.  ...  Monedula.  5. C. fusca, occipite incano, fronte alis caudaque nigris. Fn. svec. 72.  Monedula s. Lupus. Aldr. orn. l. 12. c. 9. Will. ornith. 85. t. 19. Raj. av. 40. Alb. av. I. p. 14. t. 14. Frisch. av. t. 67.  Habitat in Europæ agris; gregaria." (Linnaeus 1758) (Corvus).

Monedula
L. monedula  jackdaw  < moneta  money, coin; edulis  food  < edere  to eat (cf. specific name Corvus Monedula Linnaeus, 1758).
● (syn. Corvus Ϯ Eurasian Jackdaw C. monedula) "II. G. Dohle, Monedula Br.   1) Die Thurmdohle, M. turrium -  2) Die Baumdohle, M. arborea -  3) Die nordische Dohle, M. septentrionalis - " (C. Brehm 1828).
● (syn. Pyrrhocorax Ϯ Red-billed Chough P. pyrrhocorax) "XVIII. MONEDULA PYRRHOCORAX.  Rostrum arcuatum  ...  Color. Rostrum & Pedes fulvi; reliquæ omnes partes intense atræ.  Magnitudo Corvi Monedulæ. Linn. S. N." (Linnaeus in Hasselqvist 1762).
● (?syn. Terpsiphone ?Ϯ Indian Paradise Flycatcher T. paradisi) "Indiaanse Kaauw. Monedula.  ...  11. INDIAANSE KAAUW, in 't Latyn Monedula.  De Cuiriri Acamaku van SEBA. Thes. II. p. 93. T. 87. f. 2" (Moehring 1758).  This is the Oiseau de Paradis, du Bresil, hupé, ou Cuiriri Acamaku of Seba 1735, and, given the name and provenance, could just as well be a Thamnophilus antbird (cf. Tupí name Suiriri for a tyrant flycatcher).  Diderot 1778, considered Seba's location to be erroneous, and thought the bird came from Senegal and was sometimes found in Madagascar!  It is probably best considered unidentifiable.

SUBSPECIES

Eurasian Jackdaw (monedula)
Latin Name: Corvus monedula monedula
monedula
L. monedula  jackdaw  < moneta  coin, money; edulis  food  < edere  to eat; in myth. Arne of Thrace was turned into a jackdaw after betraying her country to Minos of Crete for gold; "48. CORVUS.  ...  Monedula.  5. C. fusca, occipite incano, fronte alis caudaque nigris. Fn. svec. 72.  Monedula s. Lupus. Aldr. orn. l. 12. c. 9. Will. ornith. 85. t. 19. Raj. av. 40. Alb. av. I. p. 14. t. 14. Frisch. av. t. 67.  Habitat in Europæ agris; gregaria." (Linnaeus 1758) (Corvus).

Eurasian Jackdaw (spermologus)
Latin Name: Corvus monedula spermologus
spermologus
Gr. σπερμολογος spermologos  picking up seeds  < σπερμα sperma, σπερματος spermatos  seed  < σπειρω speirō  to scatter; λεγω legō  to gather.

Eurasian Jackdaw (soemmerringii)
Latin Name: Corvus monedula soemmerringii
soemerringi / soemmeringii / soemmerringi / soemmerringii
Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring (1755-1830) German anatomist, scientist (subsp. Corvus monedula, Syrmaticus).

Eurasian Jackdaw (cirtensis)
Latin Name: Corvus monedula cirtensis
cirtensis
L. Cirtensis  of Cirta, Numidia (= Constantine, Algeria).