Dryobates Minor Bird

English Name:  Lesser Spotted Woodpecker
Latin Name:  Dryobates minor
Protonym:  Picus minor Syst.Nat.ed.10 p.114
Taxonomy:  Piciformes / Picidae / Dryobates
Taxonomy Code:  leswoo1
Type Locality:  Europe, = Sweden ex cit. fr, Fn. Svec.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1758
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

DRYOBATES
(Picidae; Ϯ Downy Woodpecker D. pubescens) Gr. δρυς drus, δρυος druos  tree; βατης batēs  walker  < βατεω bateō  to tread  < βαινω bainō  to walk; "XXIX. Fam. Picidae  ...  Dryobates: Picus pubescens Gm. u. s. w." (Boie 1826); “In the 1^st edition of the List and in the Cat. Birds B. M. the generic name Dendrocopus is used. This was first introduced by Koch [Dendrocopos 1816] ...  for the Spotted Woodpeckers. The same name, however, had previously been used by Vieillot [1816] ...  The type of Vieillot’s Dendrocopus is either “le Picucule” or “le Talapiot” of Daubenton, now known respectively as Dendrocolaptes certhia (Bodd.) and Dendroplex picus (Gmel.), both of which belong to the family Dendrocolaptidae. Dendrocopus cannot therefore be used for the Spotted Woodpeckers.” (BOU 1915); "Dryobates Boie, Isis von Oken, 1826, Bd. 2, col. 977. Type, by monotypy, Picus pubescens Linné." (Peters, 1948, VI, p. 180).
Synon. Hyloscopus.

dryobates
Gr. δρυς drus, δρυος druos  tree; βατης batēs  walker  < βατεω bateō  to tread  < βαινω bainō  to walk.

minor
L. minor  smaller  < comp. parvus  small. “Comparative names ... Specific names expressive of comparative size are also to be avoided, as they may be rendered inaccurate by the after-discovery of additional species. The names ... maximus, minor, minimus, etc. are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842).
● ex “Short-eared Owl” of Pennant 1761 (syn. Asio flammeus).
● ex “Little Thrush” of Catesby 1731-1743, Edwards 1758-1764, Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785, “Turdus iliacus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Grivette de l’Amérique” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Catharus fuscescens).
● ex “Whip-poor-will” of Catesby 1731 (Chordeiles).
● ex “Coucou des palétuviers de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 813, “Petit Vieillard” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mangrove Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (Coccyzus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  minor.  12. P. albo nigroque varius vertice rubro, ano albido.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus seminigris. Fn. svec. 83. Hasselqv. iter. 242.  Picus varius tertius. Raj. av. 43.  Picus varius minor. Alb. av. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in Europa.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Dryobates).
● ex “Fregata minor” of Brisson 1760, “Petite Frégate” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Man of War Bird” of Edwards 1760, and “Lesser Frigate Pelican” of Latham 1785 (Fregata).
● ex “Petit Indicateur” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 242 (Indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièsche d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 32, fig. 1 (Lanius).
● ex “Perruche à ailes noires” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Petite perruche de l’isle de Luçon, 4ème ésp.” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Luzonian Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Loriculus philippensis).
● ex “Apiaster Philippensis minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Merops viridis americanus).
● ex “Little Woodcock” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Microptera).
● ex “Troupiale de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 606, fig. 1, “Petit Troupiale noir” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Lesser black Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Molothrus ater).
● ex “Lesser Bird of Paradise” of Latham 1783 (Paradisaea).
● ex “Barbican à ventre rose” of Levaillant 1806 (Pogonornis).
● ex “Porphyrio minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Colymbus fluviatilis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tachybaptus ruficollis).
● ex “Huppe d’Afrique” of Audebert & Vieillot 1800-1802 (syn. Upupa africana).
● ex “Ringvia” of Brünnich 1764, and “Lesser Guillemot” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Uria aalge).

MINO
(Sturnidae; Ϯ Yellow-faced Myna M. dumontii) Hindi name Maina for starlings and mynahs; “Greater Minor” or “Mino” were names given to the Common Hill Mynah Gracula religiosa by Edwards 1743; "Sous-genre MINO, Mino, N. ...  Le sous-genre que MM. L. et G. établissent en conservant l'ancien nom indien de Mino ou de Minor, donné par Edwards et par Marsden au Mainate, diffère du genre Mainatus par quelques caractères assez distincts. Il semble former le passage des genres Mainatus et Pastor par l'intermédiaire du Philedon goulin (Pastor musicus, Temm., ou Gracula calva), qui devra s'y rapporter très-probablement.  ...  Une seule espèce appartient encore à ce sous-genre: c'est le Mino de Dumont (Mino Dumontii, Less.) de la Nouvelle-Guinée." (Lesson 1827); "Mino Lesson, 1827, Bull. Sci. Nat. Geol, (Bull. Univer. Sci. Indus., sec. 2), 10, p. 158. Type, by monotypy, Mino dumontii Lesson." (Amadon in Peters 1962, XV, 115).  
Var. Mina, Minor.
Synon. Eumathes, Melanopyrrhus.

SUBSPECIES

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (comminutus)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor comminutus
comminutus
L. comminutus separated, diminished < comminuere to break into small pieces.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (hortorum)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor hortorum
hortorum
L. hortorum  of the gardens  < hortus  garden.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (buturlini)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor buturlini
buturlini
Dr Sergey Aleksandrovich Buturlin (1872-1938) Russian zoologist, explorer in Siberia (syn. Certhia familaris, subsp. Dryobates minor, subsp. Emberiza calandra, syn. Perdix perdix, syn. Perisoreus infaustus sibericus, syn. Phasianus colchicus karpowi, subsp. Regulus regulus, syn. Sitta europaea amurensis, syn. Turdus obscurus).

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (minor)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor minor
minor
L. minor  smaller  < comp. parvus  small. “Comparative names ... Specific names expressive of comparative size are also to be avoided, as they may be rendered inaccurate by the after-discovery of additional species. The names ... maximus, minor, minimus, etc. are examples of this objectionable practice” (Strickland Code 1842).
● ex “Short-eared Owl” of Pennant 1761 (syn. Asio flammeus).
● ex “Little Thrush” of Catesby 1731-1743, Edwards 1758-1764, Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785, “Turdus iliacus carolinensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Grivette de l’Amérique” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Catharus fuscescens).
● ex “Whip-poor-will” of Catesby 1731 (Chordeiles).
● ex “Coucou des palétuviers de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 813, “Petit Vieillard” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mangrove Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (Coccyzus).
● "54. PICUS.  ...  minor.  12. P. albo nigroque varius vertice rubro, ano albido.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus seminigris. Fn. svec. 83. Hasselqv. iter. 242.  Picus varius tertius. Raj. av. 43.  Picus varius minor. Alb. av. I. p. 20. t. 20.  Habitat in Europa.” (Linnaeus 1758) (Dryobates).
● ex “Fregata minor” of Brisson 1760, “Petite Frégate” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Man of War Bird” of Edwards 1760, and “Lesser Frigate Pelican” of Latham 1785 (Fregata).
● ex “Petit Indicateur” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 242 (Indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièsche d’Italie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 32, fig. 1 (Lanius).
● ex “Perruche à ailes noires” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Petite perruche de l’isle de Luçon, 4ème ésp.” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Luzonian Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Loriculus philippensis).
● ex “Apiaster Philippensis minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Merops viridis americanus).
● ex “Little Woodcock” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (Microptera).
● ex “Troupiale de la Caroline” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 606, fig. 1, “Petit Troupiale noir” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Lesser black Oriole” of Latham 1782 (syn. Molothrus ater).
● ex “Lesser Bird of Paradise” of Latham 1783 (Paradisaea).
● ex “Barbican à ventre rose” of Levaillant 1806 (Pogonornis).
● ex “Porphyrio minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Porphyrula martinica).
● ex “Colymbus fluviatilis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Tachybaptus ruficollis).
● ex “Huppe d’Afrique” of Audebert & Vieillot 1800-1802 (syn. Upupa africana).
● ex “Ringvia” of Brünnich 1764, and “Lesser Guillemot” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Uria aalge).

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (amurensis)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor amurensis
amurensis
Amurland, Amur or Amuria, south-eastern Siberia.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (kamtschatkensis)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor kamtschatkensis
kamschaticus / kamtchatchensis / kamtschathensis / kamtschatica / kamtschaticus / kamtschatika / kamtschatkensis / kamtschatschensis
Kamchatka, Far Eastern Russia (named after the Kamchadal peoples, "men of the far end.").

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (colchicus)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor colchicus
colchica / colchicus
L. Colchicus of Colchis < Gr. Κολχις Kolkhis, a country on the eastern shores of the Black Sea (= western Georgia) whence pheasants were first discovered.
● "9. Xylocopus minor colchicus nov. subsp.  ...  Caucasum septentrionalem et Transcaucasiam, parte meridionali-orientali exclusa, inhabitans."(Buturlin 1908) (subsp. Dryobates minor).
● TL. Kutais district, South Caucasus (syn. Leiopicus medius caucasicus).
● "90. PHASIANUS.  ...  colchicus.  3. P. rufus, capite cæruleo.  Phasianus. Raj. av. 56. Alb. av. I. p. 24. t. 25. 26. Olin. av. 49. Aldr. orn. l. 13. c. 5.  Habitat in Africa, Asia.  Principum mensis dicatus." (Linnaeus 1758) (Phasianus).

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (danfordi)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor danfordi
danfordi
Charles George Danford (1843-1928) English ornithologist, sportsman, traveller, collector in Transylvania 1872, 1874 and Turkey 1875-1876, 1879 (subsp. Dryobates minor).

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (quadrifasciatus)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor quadrifasciatus
quadrifasciatus
L. quadri-  four-  < quattuor  four; Late L. fasciatus  banded  < L. fascia  band.

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (morgani)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor morgani
morgani / morganii
● Dr Alexander Matheson Morgan (1867-1934) Australian oculist, ornithologist (syn. Acanthiza iredalei, syn. Amytornis textilis, syn. Cinclosoma castanotum, syn. Malurus lamberti assimilis).
● Jacques Jean-Marie de Morgan (1857-1924) French archaeologist, geologist, explorer in Malaya 1884 and Persia/Iran 1897-1907 (subsp. Dryobates minor).
● Roger Morgan (fl. 1825) Welsh miner, silver-smelter and collector in Mexico (Björn Bergenholtz and Mark Brown in litt.) (syn. Trogon mexicanus).

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker (ledouci)
Latin Name: Dryobates minor ledouci
ledouci
M. Ledoux (fl. 1845) French engineer in Algeria (subsp. Dryobates minor, subsp. Periparus ater).