Myioborus Miniatus Bird

English Name:  Slate-throated Redstart
Latin Name:  Myioborus miniatus
Protonym:  Setophaga miniata Philos.Mag.n.s. n.s., 1 p.368
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Parulidae / Myioborus
Taxonomy Code:  sltred
Type Locality:  woods of Valladolid [= Morelia], Michoacan.
Author:  Swainson
Publish Year:  1827
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

MYIOBORUS
(Parulidae; Ϯ Slate-throated Whitestart M. miniatus verticalis) Gr. μυια muia, μυιας muias  fly; -βορος -boros  -devouring  < βιβρωσκω bibrōskō  to eat up; "a. Bill attenuated towards the end; lateral outlines straight or concave. Tail decidedly longer than the wings. Second quill as long as 6th.   Rictal bristles reaching nearly to tip of bill, which from gape is rather less than the length of skull. Tail considerably graduated (.50), the feathers soft, broad; the outer web of outer feather wide, nearly even, and about one-third the width of inner. A rufous patch on vertex. . . .Myioborus.   ...   Myioborus, BAIRD.  (Type Setophaga verticalis, SW.)  Rictal bristles very long, reaching to the end of the bill; the toes more as in ruticilla, though longer, the middle toe without claw about three-fifths the tarsus. The wings are shorter than the broad, soft, rounded tail, and the wing is much rounded; the 4th quill longest, the 1st about equal to the 7th.  The species of this section have been usually referred to Setophaga, but differ very appreciably as indicated." (Baird 1865). Doubtless mistakenly, Baird gave the type as Setophaga verticalis "Sw." when he meant Setophaga miniata Sw., 1827, but now Setophaga verticalis Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, 1837, is generally so regarded.
Synon. Erythrosoma.

miniata / miniatus
L. miniatus  painted vermilion  < minius vermilion.

SUBSPECIES

Slate-throated Redstart (miniatus)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus miniatus
miniata / miniatus
L. miniatus  painted vermilion  < minius vermilion.

Slate-throated Redstart (molochinus)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus molochinus
molochinus
Moloch, an ancient Semitic god of black and dreadful appearance, to whom children were sacrificed in fiery pits.
● Volcán San Martín, Sierra de Tuxtla, Veracruz, Mexico (subsp. Myioborus miniatus).
● Alluding to the black and crimson plumage of the Crimson-backed Tanager (subsp. Ramphocelus dimidiatus).

Slate-throated Redstart (intermedius)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus intermedius
intermedea / intermedia / intermedianus / intermedium / intermedius
L. intermedius  intermediate, that is between (cf. Late L. intermedium  intervention, between two others; Med. L. intermedium  interval).  These epithets are common in ornithology, highlighting forms considered to have intermediate plumage, size, distribution, etc.; only a few are shown below.
• “Genus Ardea.   ...   A. intermedia.  ...  Habitat in insula Java.  Simillima habitu ac colore Ardeae flavirostri, eadem dimidio fere minor.” (Wagler 1829) (Ardea).
• "73.  Coracina papuensis papuensis Gm.   ...   The birds from the Snow Mts. are exactly intermediate between C. p. papuensis from N. W. New Guinea and C. p. meekiana from S. E. New Guinea; so I propose to call the race found on the south side of the Central Range.   Coracina papuensis intermedia subsp. nov." (Rothschild 1931) (subsp. Coracina papuensis).
• "Ce tinamou présente, comme nous l'avons dit, des caractères de transition entre Calopezus elegans et Calopezus formosus.  Cette nouvelle espèce, ou peut-être race intermédiaire, qui paraît localisée dans les régions montagneuses du Nord-ouest de la République Argentine, nous la distinguerons avec le nom de:  Calopezus intermedius n. sp.   ...   Il est possible que Calopezus intermedius et Calopezus formosus représentent seulement des formes géographiques de Calopezus elegans" (Dabbene & Lillo 1913) ( subsp. Eudromia elegans).
• "Formicivora   ...   F. grisea  ...  Kommt in Brasilien, Cayenne und Guiana vor.   ...   F. rufatra  ...  Vaterland: Brasilien und Bolivien.   ...   F. intermedia.  ...  Vaterland: Columbien" (Cabanis 1847) (Formicivora).
• "Falco pondicerianus apud Horsfield is a race intermediate to Haliastur indus of India proper and H. leucosternum of Australia, having dark central streaks to the white portion of the plumage, but considerably less developed than (constantly) in the Indian bird..  ...  Of very many examples of the Indian race examined or beheld close, I certainly have never seen one that had the dark streaks or lines so little developed as in the Javanese bird, or most assuredly I should have remarked it.  To what extent the Indian and Australian races may thus grade into each other, in other intermediate localities, remains to be ascertained.  ...  Mr. Gurney informs me that he thinks the Javanese race should be distinguished by the name intermedius." (Blyth 1865) (subsp. Haliastur indus).
• "Then we have in Tenasserim, most abundant in the hills, but extending in the cold weather to the sea-board and the plains of Pegu, a race of melaschistus, which I will, for convenience sake, denominate VOLVOCIVORA  INTERMEDIA.  It is very close to melaschistus, and as such I originally identified it, but with 24 specimens before me I find that sex being ascertained no specimen of it can be mistaken for a specimen of the corresponding sex of melaschistus, but it is much the same size, and the old males are nearly as possible the same colour as the females of melaschistus.  ...  I am very doubtful whether this should be considered a subspecies or not, but it is a very distinguishable and perfectly constant race, and not one single specimen of true melaschistus has occurred to us throughout the region in which it is so abundant, and it may be best therefore to characterize it by a distinct name." (Hume 1877) (subsp. Lalage melaschistos).
• "5.  SETOPHAGA  INTERMEDIA, Nob.  ...  Espèce typique intermédiaire entre la S. vulnerata et la S. verticalis, Lafresn.  Elle diffère de la première par un bec plus grand et plus large, par la gorge cendrée, par le coloris de la queue, par la couleur de l'abdomen; la S. verticalis, Lafr. est jaune d'œuf en dessous." (Hartlaub 1852) (subsp. Myioborus miniatus).
• "3. CRYPTOLOPHA  INTERMEDIA  La Touche, sp. n.   Near C. tephrocephala (Anders.) and C. affinis (Hodgs.).  Differs from the former in having a much shorter bill, and the secondary coverts distinctly tipped with pale yellow, forming a well-marked bar; from C. affinis it differs in having a ring of feathers round the eye, yellow." (La Touche 1898) (Phylloscopus).
• “728. —  Pipreola viridis intermedia  ...  Forme intermédiaire entre la P. viridis de la Bolivie et la P. melanolæma de l’Ecuador, plus voisine de la dernière.” (Taczanowski 1884) (Pipreola).
• "Ploceus intermedius.  Sehr nahe mit meinem Ploceus larvatus verwandte Art.  Vorderkopf bis über den hintern Augenwinkel, Kehle, Oberhals und Ohrengegend schwarz, Hinterkopf und Nacken röthlich braungelb.  Mitte der Brust orangengelb, Seiten des Halses und Unterkörpers citrongelb.  Rücken gelbgrün, gegen den Schwanz hin citronengelb." (Rüppell 1845) (Ploceus).
• “This species is somewhat intermediate between Palaeornis schisticeps and P. cyanocephala in size and coloration, but is nearer P. schisticeps” (Rothschild 1895) (syn. Psittacula cyanocephala x Psittacula himalayana).
• "RHIPIDURA  INTERMEDIA, sp. nov.  ...  Dr. Sharpe's description of Rhipidura rufifrons in the "Catalogue of Birds in the British Museum," vol. iv., p. 319 (1879), evidently applies to this species, for he describes the tail feathers as being "distinctly tipped with white."  The type of Rhipidura rufifrons characterized by Dr. Latham, was obtained in New South Wales, and has the tips of the tail feathers pale brown, not white.  In the latter respect Rhipidura intermedia agrees with R. torrida, described and figured (Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, p. 477, pl. xxviii.) by Dr. Alfred Russel Wallace, from the island of Ternate, but R. torrida differs from R. intermedia in having the ear-coverts and upper breast black." (North 1902) (subsp. Rhipidura rufifrons).
• "Sp. intermedia n. sp.  ... Der [Sp.] hypoleuca im Schnabel und der ganzen Gestalt äusserst ähnlich, nur etwas kleiner, von dieser durch die nicht weisse, sondern graue Färbung der Kehle und Brust verschieden, mithin fast ganz so gefärbt wie Sp. plumbea, von welcher intermedia sich nur unterscheidet durch den grössern Schnabel und die kürzeren abgerundeteren, daher nicht so zugespitzten Flügel; auch sind Kehle und Brust etwas dunkler als in plumbea und fehlt das weisse Fleckchen an der Wurzel des Unterkiefers; der weisse Spiegel auf dem Flügel ist kleiner und versteckter" (Cabanis 1851) (Sporophila).
• "Thamnistes anabatinus intermedius subsp. nov.  ...  This form, based on but one specimen, is clearly an intermediate between T. æquatorialis of eastern Ecuador and southeastern Colombia, and the quite different T. anabatinus group of Panama to Mexico.  Its crown and back closely agree in color with those of æquatorialis while the underparts are similar to those of T. a. coronatus; the tail and wings externally are intermediate but nearer to those of coronatus." (Chapman 1914) (subsp. Thamnistes anabatinus).
• "33.  Thamnophilus intermedius, sp. nov.   SP. CHAR.—Adult male: Similar to that of T. nigricristatus LAWR., but bill larger, and feathers of crest largely white in middle portion; adult female similar to that of T. doliatus, but with larger bill." (Ridgway 1888) (subsp. Thamnophilus doliatus).
• "ZOSTEROPS  INTERMEDIA.  ...  Very near Z. flava, but a little larger, more yellow on the forehead and less on the upper tail-coverts, and the black subocular streak not extending so far forward  ...  Hab. Macassar and Lombock.   Remark.—Mr. G. R. Gray attached the MS. name of intermedius to my Macassar specimen." (Wallace 1864) (subsp. Zosterops chloris).

Slate-throated Redstart (hellmayri)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus hellmayri
hellmayri
Carl Eduard Hellmayr (1878-1944) Austrian/US ornithologist (subsp. Accipiter fasciatus, subsp. Anthoscopus caroli, Anthus, subsp. Attila rufus, subsp. Campylorhamphus trochilirostris, subsp. Catharus fuscater, subsp. Celeus elegans, syn. Chloroceryle americana cabanisii, Cinnyris, syn. Conopophaga lineata, Cranioleuca, syn. Crypturellus strigulosus, subsp. Cyanerpes caeruleus, subsp. Dendrocincla tyrannina, Drymophila, subsp. Empidonax occidentalis, subsp. Geositta cunicularia, syn. Geositta rufipennis fasciata, subsp. Hemithraupis flavicollis, subsp. Isleria hauxwelli, subsp. Lepidocolaptes angustirostris, subsp. Leptopogon superciliaris, subsp. Leptotila rufaxilla, Mecocerculus, subsp. Myioborus miniatus, subsp. Myiozetetes cayanensis, syn. Nonnula rubecula, subsp. Oenanthe familiaris, syn. Petronia petronia, subsp. Piaya cayana, syn. Pitangus sulphuratus, subsp. Poecile palustris, subsp. Pyriglena leuconota, subsp. Rhynchocyclus brevirostris, subsp. Saltator aurantiirostris, syn. Selenidera gouldii, subsp. Sporophila caerulescens, Synallaxis, subsp. Tanygnathus megalorhynchos, subsp. Terenotriccus erythrurus, syn. Thamnophilus schistaceus dubius, subsp. Tyto alba, subsp. Xenops tenuirostris).

Slate-throated Redstart (connectens)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus connectens
connectans / connectens
L. connectens  joined, connected, united  < connectere  to unite.

Slate-throated Redstart (comptus)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus comptus
compta / comptus
L. comptus  adorned  < comere  to adorn.

Slate-throated Redstart (aurantiacus)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus aurantiacus
aurantiaca / aurantiacus
Mod. L. aurantiacus orange-coloured < Late Med. L. aurantia orange.
● ex “Manakin orangé” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Pipra aureola).

Slate-throated Redstart (ballux)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus ballux
ballux
L. ballux, ballucis  gold-dust.

Slate-throated Redstart (sanctaemartae)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus sanctaemartae
sanctaemartae / sanctaemarthae / santaemarthae
Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia  < Late L. sanctus  saint  < L. sanctus  holy  < sancire  to consecrate; Mod. L. Marta  Marta, Martha.

Slate-throated Redstart (pallidiventris)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus pallidiventris
pallidiventer / pallidiventris
L. pallidus  pale  < pallere  to be pale; venter, ventris  belly.

Slate-throated Redstart (subsimilis)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus subsimilis
subsimilis
L. subsimilis  somewhat like, partly similar  < sub  somewhat; similis  similar, resembling.
● "Hylophylax nævioides subsimilis, subsp. nov.  Similar to Hylophylax nævioides nævioides (Lafresnaye), but more extensively white below, the gray shading of the sides and flanks more restricted; pileum dark slaty gray, with only a trace of brown; and tail grayish instead of brownish, the tips of the rectrices white, not tawny.  (Description based on a comparison with Lafresnaye's type.)" (Todd 1917) (syn. Hylophylax naevioides).
● "Iridosornis rufi-vertex subsimilis, new subspecies  ...  Although the characters of this form are composed of a combination of certain features of rufi-vertex and ignicapillus, they are not intermediate between them." (J. Zimmer 1944) (subsp. Iridosornis rufivertex).
● "Myioborus miniatus subsimilis, new subspecies  ...  Similar to M. m. pallidiventris of northeastern Venezuela but back slightly duller gray; forehead and sides of crown with less frequent development of black centers on the feathers; chin and throat more broadly and more deeply black; sides of breast darker gray; yellow of breast and belly averaging a little deeper yellow though not so deep as in ballux or verticalis.  Further differs from ballux by the lesser development of black on the forehead and sides of the crown, and from verticalis by the greater amount of black on the throat and the lesser extent of white on the tail." (J. Zimmer 1949) (subsp. Myioborus miniatus).

Slate-throated Redstart (verticalis)
Latin Name: Myioborus miniatus verticalis
verticalis
Late L. verticalis  crowned, of the head  < L. vertex, verticis  crown of the head.
● ex “Ash-bellied Creeper” of Latham 1787 (Cyanomitra).