Pyrrhura Melanura Bird

English Name:  Maroon-tailed Parakeet
Latin Name:  Pyrrhura melanura
Protonym:  Aratinga melanurus Av.Sp.Nov.Brasil. 1 p.36 pl.22
Taxonomy:  Psittaciformes / Psittacidae / Pyrrhura
Taxonomy Code:  matpar2
Type Locality:  Tabatinga, Rio Solimoes, Brazil.
Author:  von Spix
Publish Year:  1824
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

PYRRHURA
(Psittacidae; Ϯ Maroon-bellied Parakeet P. frontalis) Gr. πυρρος purrhos  red  < πυρ pur, πυρος puros  fire; ουρα oura  tail (cf. specific name Microsittace pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1854 (= syn. Pyrrhura molinae)); "Subfam. 2. Conurinae.  ...   14. Pyrrhura, Bp.   34. vittata, Shaw. (undulata, Ill.  fasciata? Spix.)   35. devillii, Mass.   36. molinae, Mass. (phonicura, Licht.  pyrrhura, Reich.)   37. beryllina, Souanc.   38. melanura, Spix.   39. leucotis, Kuhl.   40. calliptera, Mass.   41. versicolor, Gm. (cyanoptera, Bodd.  anaca, Wagl.)  ?squamata, Lath.   42. luciani, Deville.   43. cruentata, Wied. (squamosus? Kuhl, nec Auct.  erythrogaster, Shaw.  cyanogularis, Spix.)   44. rupicola, Tschudi.   45. chiripepe, Vieill. ex Azara.   46. chlorogenys, Wagl. (perlatus, faem. Spix.)   47. lepida, Wagl (perlatus, mas. Spix.)" (Bonaparte 1856); "Pyrrhura Bonaparte, Naumannia, 6, 1856, Consp. Psitt. in Beilage no. 1, genus 14. Type, by subsequent designation, Psittacus vittatus Shaw (not of Boddaert) = Psittacus frontalis Vieillot." (Peters 1937, III, 194). Many parrots in this group have maroon or red tails.

pyrrhura
Gr. πυρρος purrhos  flame-coloured, red  < πυρ pur, πυρος puros  fire; -ουρος -ouros -tailed  < ουρα oura  tail.

melanura
Gr. μελανουρος melanouros  with a black tail  < μελας melas, μελανος  melanos  black; -ουρος -ouros  -tailed  < ουρα oura  tail.
● ex “Cinereous Fulmar” of Latham 1785 (syn. Adamastor cinerea).
● ex “Mocking Creeper” of Latham 1782 (Anthornis).
● ex “Gros-bec de la Chine” of Sonnerat 1782, and “Grey-necked Grosbeak” of Latham 1783 (syn. Eophona migratoria).

MENURA
(Menuridae; Ϯ Superb Lyrebird M. novaehollandiae) Gr. μηνη mēnē  moon; ουρα oura  tail. Latham gave the name “New Holland Menura” to the Australian Superb Lyrebird because of the numerous transparent lunules contained in the broad inner webs of the outer tail-feathers (cf. "Mηνη, a screen or umbrella, ουρα, a tail" (Ashmolean 1836)); "GENUS LIII. MENURA   ...   Rectrices elongatæ pinnulis distinctis, intermediæ duæ longiores angustæ, exteriores ad apicem patulæ revolutæ   ...   M. N. Hollandiæ. New Holland Menura   ...   rectrices prælongæ, scapis a basi ad medium binis, pinnulis disjunctis distantibus; intermediæ 2 angustæ albidæ longissimæ; exteriores basi modicæ, versus apicem revolutæ, pinnulis interioribus multo latioribus lunulis diaphanis ferrugineis, apice nigræ" (Latham 1802); "Menura Latham, 1801, Index Ornith., suppl., p. 61. Type, by monotypy, Menura novaehollandiae Latham." (Mayr in Peters 1979, VIII, 333). 
Var. Maenura, Melanura.
Synon. Harriwhitea, Lyriferi, Parkinsonius.

SUBSPECIES

Maroon-tailed Parakeet (Choco)
Latin Name: Pyrrhura melanura pacifica
pacifica
L. pacificus  peaceful  < pax, pacis  peace; facere  to make. The Pacific Ocean was so-named by the Portuguese explorer Fernão de Magalhães or Magellan in 1520, contrasting its calm waters with the stormy seas of Cape Horn  The toponym refers to islands in the Pacific Ocean as well as localities on Pacific Ocean coasts.
● New Caledonia; ex “Pacific Shrike” of Latham 1781 (syn. Aplonis striata).
● New South Wales, Australia; ex “Pacific Heron” of Latham 1785 (Ardea).
● Pacific Ocean; ex “Pacific Petrel” of Latham 1785; "Inhabits Euopoa, and other islands of the Pacific Ocean." (Ardenna).
● Erroneous TL. Friendly Is. (= Hawaii); ex “Great Hook-billed Creeper” of Latham 1782 (‡Drepanis).
● Tonga Is.; ex “Ferruginous-vented Pigeon” of Latham 1783 (Ducula).
● Erroneous TL. Friendly Isles, Pacific Ocean (= Jamaica) (syn. Geotrygon versicolor).
● Botany Bay, New Holland; ex “Pacific Paroquet (var.)” of Phillip 1789 (syn. Glossopsitta concinna).
● Tahiti; ex “Pacific Rail” of Latham 1785 (Hypotaenidia).
● Pacific Islands; ex “Pacific Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Lalage maculosa).

Maroon-tailed Parakeet (Huila)
Latin Name: Pyrrhura melanura chapmani
chapmani
Frank Michler Chapman (1864-1945) US ornithologist, Curator of Ornithology AMNH 1908-1942, collector (Calidris, Chaetura, subsp. Chordeiles minor, subsp. Conopophaga castaneiceps, syn. Crax rubra, subsp. Formicivora rufa, syn. Gallinago jamesoni, syn. Hemispingus melanotis piurae, subsp. Hydrobates leucorhous, subsp. Mecocerculus leucophrys, subsp. Micropygia schomburgkii, subsp. Myiodynastes maculatus, subsp. Myiothlypis coronata, syn. Odontophorus gujanensis marmoratus, syn. Pachyramphus polychopterus dorsalis, subsp. Patagioenas plumbea, syn. Petrochelidon rufocollaris aequatorialis,  Pogonotriccus, subsp. Pulsatrix perspicillata, subsp. Pyrrhura melanura, subsp. Schistes geoffroyi, subsp. Sicalis luteola, syn. Synallaxis brachyura nigrofumosa).

Maroon-tailed Parakeet (Maroon-tailed)
Latin Name: Pyrrhura melanura [melanura Group]
PYRRHURA
(Psittacidae; Ϯ Maroon-bellied Parakeet P. frontalis) Gr. πυρρος purrhos  red  < πυρ pur, πυρος puros  fire; ουρα oura  tail (cf. specific name Microsittace pyrrhura Bonaparte, 1854 (= syn. Pyrrhura molinae)); "Subfam. 2. Conurinae.  ...   14. Pyrrhura, Bp.   34. vittata, Shaw. (undulata, Ill.  fasciata? Spix.)   35. devillii, Mass.   36. molinae, Mass. (phonicura, Licht.  pyrrhura, Reich.)   37. beryllina, Souanc.   38. melanura, Spix.   39. leucotis, Kuhl.   40. calliptera, Mass.   41. versicolor, Gm. (cyanoptera, Bodd.  anaca, Wagl.)  ?squamata, Lath.   42. luciani, Deville.   43. cruentata, Wied. (squamosus? Kuhl, nec Auct.  erythrogaster, Shaw.  cyanogularis, Spix.)   44. rupicola, Tschudi.   45. chiripepe, Vieill. ex Azara.   46. chlorogenys, Wagl. (perlatus, faem. Spix.)   47. lepida, Wagl (perlatus, mas. Spix.)" (Bonaparte 1856); "Pyrrhura Bonaparte, Naumannia, 6, 1856, Consp. Psitt. in Beilage no. 1, genus 14. Type, by subsequent designation, Psittacus vittatus Shaw (not of Boddaert) = Psittacus frontalis Vieillot." (Peters 1937, III, 194). Many parrots in this group have maroon or red tails.