Myioborus Melanocephalus Bird

English Name:  Spectacled Redstart
Latin Name:  Myioborus melanocephalus
Protonym:  Setophaga melanocephala Arch.Naturgesch. 10 p.276
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Parulidae / Myioborus
Taxonomy Code:  spered1
Type Locality:  Peru; restricted to Maraynioc, Junin, by Zimmer, 1949, Amer. Mus. Novit., no. 1428, p. 20.
Author:  von Tschudi
Publish Year:  1844
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

MYIOBORUS
(Parulidae; Ϯ Slate-throated Whitestart M. miniatus verticalis) Gr. μυια muia, μυιας muias  fly; -βορος -boros  -devouring  < βιβρωσκω bibrōskō  to eat up; "a. Bill attenuated towards the end; lateral outlines straight or concave. Tail decidedly longer than the wings. Second quill as long as 6th.   Rictal bristles reaching nearly to tip of bill, which from gape is rather less than the length of skull. Tail considerably graduated (.50), the feathers soft, broad; the outer web of outer feather wide, nearly even, and about one-third the width of inner. A rufous patch on vertex. . . .Myioborus.   ...   Myioborus, BAIRD.  (Type Setophaga verticalis, SW.)  Rictal bristles very long, reaching to the end of the bill; the toes more as in ruticilla, though longer, the middle toe without claw about three-fifths the tarsus. The wings are shorter than the broad, soft, rounded tail, and the wing is much rounded; the 4th quill longest, the 1st about equal to the 7th.  The species of this section have been usually referred to Setophaga, but differ very appreciably as indicated." (Baird 1865). Doubtless mistakenly, Baird gave the type as Setophaga verticalis "Sw." when he meant Setophaga miniata Sw., 1827, but now Setophaga verticalis Lafresnaye & d'Orbigny, 1837, is generally so regarded.
Synon. Erythrosoma.

melanocephala / melanocephalon / melanocephalos / melanocephalum / melanocephalus
Gr. μελας melas, μελανος melanos  black; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● ex “Black-headed Shrike” of Latham 1783 (syn. Brachypodius atriceps).
● ex “Pato cabeza negra” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 438 (syn. Heteronetta atricapilla).
● ex “Manakin à tête noire de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 303, fig. 1 (syn. Manacus manacus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  melanocephalus.  33. P. brachiurus viridis subtus luteus, pileo nigro, pectore albo. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2. p.  Psittacus coccineus, ventre albo. Edw. av. 169. t. 169.  Habitat in Mexico." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pionites).
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  melanocephala.  26. L. lutea, capite atro.  Coccothraustes gambogia. Alb. av. 3. p. 58. t. 62.  Habitat in Gvinea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ploceus).
● ex “Pluvian du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 918, and de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Black-headed Plover” of Latham 1785 (syn. Pluvianus aegyptius).
● ex “Black-headed Ibis” of Latham 1787, and “Tantalus de Macé” of Cuvier 1804 (Threskiornis).
● ex “Black-headed Roller” of Latham 1787 (syn. Urocissa erythrorhyncha).
● ex “Pie Bleue à Tête Noire” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 58 (unident.; ?syn. Urocissa sp.).

SUBSPECIES

Spectacled Redstart (ruficoronatus)
Latin Name: Myioborus melanocephalus ruficoronatus
ruficoronata / ruficoronatus
L. rufus rufous; coronatus crowned < coronare to crown < corona crown.

Spectacled Redstart (griseonuchus)
Latin Name: Myioborus melanocephalus griseonuchus
griseonucha / griseonuchus
Med. L. griseum  grey; nuchus  nape  < Arabic nukhā'  spinal marrow.

Spectacled Redstart (malaris)
Latin Name: Myioborus melanocephalus malaris
malaris
Mod. L. malaris of the cheek, malar < L. mala cheek.

Spectacled Redstart (melanocephalus)
Latin Name: Myioborus melanocephalus melanocephalus
melanocephala / melanocephalon / melanocephalos / melanocephalum / melanocephalus
Gr. μελας melas, μελανος melanos  black; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● ex “Black-headed Shrike” of Latham 1783 (syn. Brachypodius atriceps).
● ex “Pato cabeza negra” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 438 (syn. Heteronetta atricapilla).
● ex “Manakin à tête noire de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 303, fig. 1 (syn. Manacus manacus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  melanocephalus.  33. P. brachiurus viridis subtus luteus, pileo nigro, pectore albo. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2. p.  Psittacus coccineus, ventre albo. Edw. av. 169. t. 169.  Habitat in Mexico." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pionites).
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  melanocephala.  26. L. lutea, capite atro.  Coccothraustes gambogia. Alb. av. 3. p. 58. t. 62.  Habitat in Gvinea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ploceus).
● ex “Pluvian du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 918, and de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Black-headed Plover” of Latham 1785 (syn. Pluvianus aegyptius).
● ex “Black-headed Ibis” of Latham 1787, and “Tantalus de Macé” of Cuvier 1804 (Threskiornis).
● ex “Black-headed Roller” of Latham 1787 (syn. Urocissa erythrorhyncha).
● ex “Pie Bleue à Tête Noire” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 58 (unident.; ?syn. Urocissa sp.).

Spectacled Redstart (bolivianus)
Latin Name: Myioborus melanocephalus bolivianus
boliviae / boliviana / bolivianum / bolivianus / boliviensis
Bolivia (named after Simón Bolívar (1783-1830) "The Liberator", Venezuelan revolutionary, who helped to expel the Spaniards from their South American empire).