Arenaria Melanocephala Bird

English Name:  Black Turnstone
Latin Name:  Arenaria melanocephala
Protonym:  Strepsilas melanocephalus Zool.J. 4 p.356
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Scolopacidae / Arenaria
Taxonomy Code:  blktur
Type Locality:  Northwest coast of North America.
Author:  Vigors
Publish Year:  1829
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

ARENARIA
(Scolopacidae; Ϯ Ruddy Turnstone A. interpres) L. arenarius  relating to sand  < arena (properly harena)  sand; "Arenaria. Genus 72.  ...  **1. LE COULON-CHAUD.  ...  ARENARIA.  ...On le trouve sur les bords de la mer" (Brisson 1760): based on "Morinellus marinus" of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, "Tringa nigro" of Linnaeus 1746, "Tringa maritima" of Linnaeus 1748, "Gavia" or "Pluvialis Arenaria" of Klein 1750, "Cinclus" of Möhring 1752, "Turn-Stone from Hudson's-Bay" of Edwards 1753, and Tringa Interpres Linnaeus, 1758; "Arenaria Brisson, Orn., 1760, 1, p. 48; 5, p. 132. Type, by tautonymy, Arenaria Brisson = Tringa interpres Linné." (Peters, 1934, II, p. 271).
Synon. Cinclus, Morinella, Strepsilas.
● (Scolopacidae; syn. Calidris Ϯ Sanderling C. alba) Specific name Tringa arenaria Linnaeus, 1766; "LXV. b)  Gattung. Sandläufer. Arenaria *).  Schnabel: Wie bey der Strandläufergattung.  Füße: Eben so, nur ohne Hinterzehe.  † 1. Gemeiner Sandläufer (A. vulgaris, mihi,)  ...  Namen: Strandläufer, Sandregerlein.  Tringa arenaria. Linn. l. c. p. 680. N. 16.  Charadrius Calidris. ——  —— p. 689. N. 9.  Bechstein, N. G. D. III. S. 194.  Albini av. II. p. 48. T. 74." (Bechstein 1803);  "Arenaria (not of Brisson, 1760) Bechstein, Orn. Taschenb., 2, p. 462a, 1803—type, by monotypy, Arenaria vulgaris Bechstein = Tringa arenaria Linnaeus [1766 = Trynga alba Pallas 1764]." (Hellmayr and Conover, 1948, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. I (3), p. 169).
Var. Prenaria.

arenaria / arenarius
L. arenarius  of sand (e.g. inhabiting sand), relating to sand (e.g. sand coloured)  < arena (properly harena)  sand.
● ex “Arenaria” of Willughby 1676, Ray 1713, and Albin 1731, and “Calidris grisea minor” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Calidris alba).
● ex “Aguimp” or “Lavandière Pie” of Levaillant 1805, pl. 178 (syn. Motacilla aguimp).

melanocephala / melanocephalon / melanocephalos / melanocephalum / melanocephalus
Gr. μελας melas, μελανος melanos  black; -κεφαλος -kephalos  -headed  < κεφαλη kephalē  head.
● ex “Black-headed Shrike” of Latham 1783 (syn. Brachypodius atriceps).
● ex “Pato cabeza negra” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 438 (syn. Heteronetta atricapilla).
● ex “Manakin à tête noire de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 303, fig. 1 (syn. Manacus manacus).
● "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  melanocephalus.  33. P. brachiurus viridis subtus luteus, pileo nigro, pectore albo. Mus. Ad. Fr. 2. p.  Psittacus coccineus, ventre albo. Edw. av. 169. t. 169.  Habitat in Mexico." (Linnaeus 1758) (Pionites).
● "96. LOXIA.  ...  melanocephala.  26. L. lutea, capite atro.  Coccothraustes gambogia. Alb. av. 3. p. 58. t. 62.  Habitat in Gvinea." (Linnaeus 1758) (Ploceus).
● ex “Pluvian du Sénégal” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 918, and de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Black-headed Plover” of Latham 1785 (syn. Pluvianus aegyptius).
● ex “Black-headed Ibis” of Latham 1787, and “Tantalus de Macé” of Cuvier 1804 (Threskiornis).
● ex “Black-headed Roller” of Latham 1787 (syn. Urocissa erythrorhyncha).
● ex “Pie Bleue à Tête Noire” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 58 (unident.; ?syn. Urocissa sp.).