Anthreptes Malacensis Bird

English Name:  Brown-throated Sunbird
Latin Name:  Anthreptes malacensis
Protonym:  Certhia malacensis Del.Flor.Faun.Insubr. 2 p.91
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Nectariniidae / Anthreptes
Taxonomy Code:  pltsun2
Type Locality:  Malacca (ex Sonnerat, 1782, Voy. Indes Orient. Chine, 2, p. 209).
Author:  Scopoli
Publish Year:  1786
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

ANTHREPTES
(Nectariniidae; Ϯ Brown-throated Sunbird A. malacensis) Gr. ανθος anthos  flower, blossom; θρεπτης threptēs  feeder  < τρεφω trephō  to rear; "Genus, ANTHREPTES.  Bill slender, attenuated, minutely crenated; the base of the under mandible strong, and not having the margin hid by that of the upper mandible.  Wings rounded.  Tail even. Inner toe shorter than the external toe.  Type. — Cynniris Javanica. ZOOL. ILLUSTR., iii. pl. 121" (Swainson 1832); "Anthreptes Swainson, 1832, in Swainson and Richardson, Fauna Bor. Amer., 2 (1831), p. 495. Type, by original designation and monotypy, Cinnyris javanica Swainson = Certhia malacensis Scopoli." (Rand in Peters, 1967, XII, p. 209).  
Var. Anthothreptes, Anthreptus, Anthotreptes, Anthorheptes, Authreptes.   
Synon. Arachnophila, Euchloridia, Gunningia, Lamprothreptes, Mangusia, Paradeleornis, Rhizophorornis, Tephrolaema.

malacca / malaccense / malaccensis / malacense / malacensis
Malacca, Malaysia. Melaka or Malaka are Malay names for a type of tree abundant in the region.
● ex “Grimpereau de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (Anthreptes).
● ex “Crabier de Malac” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 911, “Crabier blanc et brun” of de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Malacca Heron” of Latham 1785 (syn. Ardeola speciosa).
● ex “Pic de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (subsp. Chrysophlegma miniaceum).
● ex “Petite Tourterelle de Quéda” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Malacca Turtle” of Latham 1783 (syn. Geopelia striata).
● Erroneous TL. China, Java and Malacca (= India); ex “Chinese Sparrow” of Albin 1738, “Gros-bec de Java” of Brisson 1760, and “White-breasted Indian Sparrow” of Edwards 1764 (Lonchura).
● ex “Brève de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Pitta brachyura).
● ex “Petit Paon de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (Polyplectron).
● ex “Perruche de Malac” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 887, “Grand perruche à longs brins” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Malacca Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacula longicauda).
● ex “Petite Perruche de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782, and “Blue-rumped Parrakeet” of Latham 1787 (syn. Psittinus cyanurus).

SUBSPECIES

Brown-throated Sunbird (malacensis)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis malacensis
malacca / malaccense / malaccensis / malacense / malacensis
Malacca, Malaysia. Melaka or Malaka are Malay names for a type of tree abundant in the region.
● ex “Grimpereau de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (Anthreptes).
● ex “Crabier de Malac” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 911, “Crabier blanc et brun” of de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Malacca Heron” of Latham 1785 (syn. Ardeola speciosa).
● ex “Pic de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (subsp. Chrysophlegma miniaceum).
● ex “Petite Tourterelle de Quéda” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Malacca Turtle” of Latham 1783 (syn. Geopelia striata).
● Erroneous TL. China, Java and Malacca (= India); ex “Chinese Sparrow” of Albin 1738, “Gros-bec de Java” of Brisson 1760, and “White-breasted Indian Sparrow” of Edwards 1764 (Lonchura).
● ex “Brève de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Pitta brachyura).
● ex “Petit Paon de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782 (Polyplectron).
● ex “Perruche de Malac” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 887, “Grand perruche à longs brins” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Malacca Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacula longicauda).
● ex “Petite Perruche de Malacca” of Sonnerat 1782, and “Blue-rumped Parrakeet” of Latham 1787 (syn. Psittinus cyanurus).

Brown-throated Sunbird (mjobergi)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis mjobergi

Brown-throated Sunbird (borneensis)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis borneensis
bornea / borneana / borneanum / borneanus / borneense / borneensis / bornensis / borneoensis / borneonense / borneonensis / borneus
Borneo  < Malay Brunei  the Barunai or Brunei Sultanate, wealthy, powerful and more extensive in the 15th century  < Sanskrit Váruna  water, rain.
● Erroneous TL. Borneo (= Amboina); "44. PSITTACUS.  ...  borneus.  6. P. macrourus ruber, remigibus rectricibusque apice viridibus, alis macula cærulea.  Psittacus coccineus, cauda longiore. Edw. av. 173. t. 173.  Habitat in India: Borneo." (Linnaeus 1758) (Eos). This name, albeit erroneous, is the fourth toponym in avian nomenclature.

Brown-throated Sunbird (chlorigaster)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis chlorigaster
chlorigaster
Gr. χλωρος khlōros  yellow; γαστηρ gastēr, γαστρος gastros  belly.

Brown-throated Sunbird (heliolusius)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis heliolusius
heliolusius
Gr. ἡλιος hēlios sun; λυσιος lusios delivering < λυω luō to release (cf. ἁλυσις halusis chain, ornament).

Brown-throated Sunbird (cagayanensis)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis cagayanensis
cagayanense / cagayanensis
● Cagayan Sulu, Tawi-Tawi Province, Philippines (subsp. Anthreptes malacensis, syn. Dicrurus palawanensis, subsp. Mixornis gularis, subsp. Orthotomus ruficeps).
● Cagayan Province, north-eastern Luzon, Philippines (subsp. Dasylophus superciliosus, subsp. Dicaeum hypoleucum).

Brown-throated Sunbird (paraguae)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis paraguae
paraguae
Paragua, a former name for the island of Palawan in the Philippines.

Brown-throated Sunbird (wiglesworthi)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis wiglesworthi
wiglesworthi
Lionel William Wiglesworth (1865-1901) English ornithologist (subsp. Anthreptes malacensis, subsp. Clytorhynchus vitiensis, syn. Edolisoma morio, syn. Todiramphus tutus).

Brown-throated Sunbird (iris)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis iris
iris
Gr. myth. Iris, an Oceanid and daughter of Thaumas and Electra, was the messenger of Juno and goddess of the rainbow  < ιρις iris, ιριδος iridos  rainbow.
● "Forehead magnificent green, succeeded on the sides by rich orange and in the centre by blue, all with a highly metallic lustre; throat, neck and chest glittering green, with a small gorget of purplish feathers in the centre of the former; posterior part of the body and tail chestnut-red" (Gould 1853) (Coeligena).
● "le nom spécifique d'iris ferait illusion aux teintes chatoyantes et métalliques de leur plumage" (Oustalet 1879) (Lamprotornis).
● "Pitt[a]. capite, collo, pectore, abdomine, lateribus, et femoribus nigerrimis; fascia superoculari, ad occiput ducta ferruginea; corpore supra, alisque ex aureo viridibus, humeris metallice cæruleis et fascia inferiore lazulina ornatis" (Gould 1842) (Pitta).
● "Du rouge- vermillon couvre le front, en s'étendant au-dessous des yeux: cette teinte est nuancée à l'occiput de vert et de bleuâtre; une tache améthiste en forme de croissant couvre le méat auditif, et un large collier jaune ceint la nuque; toutes les parties supérieures et la queue sont d'un beau vert-pré, les joues d'un vert clair; la poitrine et les autres parties inférieures d'un vert-jaunâtre" (Temminck 1835) (Psitteuteles).

Brown-throated Sunbird (heliocalus)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis heliocalus
heliocalus
Gr. ἡλιος hēlios sun; καλος kalos beautiful.

Brown-throated Sunbird (celebensis)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis celebensis
celebense / celebensis
Celebes, Dutch East Indies / Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Brown-throated Sunbird (extremus)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis extremus
extremum / extremus
L. extremus  extreme, outermost  < super. exter  outward  < comp. ex  out of.

Brown-throated Sunbird (convergens)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis convergens
convergens
Late L. convergens, convergentis  meeting, inclined together  < convergere  to meet together.

Brown-throated Sunbird (rubrigena)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis rubrigena
rubrigena / rubrigenis
L. ruber, rubra  red; gena  cheek.

Brown-throated Sunbird (anambae)
Latin Name: Anthreptes malacensis anambae
anambae / anambensis
Anamba Is., Dutch East Indies / Indonesia.