Tinamus Major Bird

English Name:  Great Tinamou
Latin Name:  Tinamus major
Protonym:  Tetrao major Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.767 n.63
Taxonomy:  Tinamiformes / Tinamidae / Tinamus
Taxonomy Code:  gretin1
Type Locality:  Cayenne.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Near Threatened

DEFINITIONS

TINAMUS
(Tinamidae; Ϯ Great Tinamou T. major) Galibi (Cayenne) name Tinamú for the tinamous (cf. Wayāpi name Inämu); "alterius dudum demum post exaratam tabulam in cognitionem veni, novi scilicet generis quod Tinami nomine ab ill. BUFFONIO º) propositum inter Otides minores Perdicesque ambigit.   ...º) Ornithol. T. IV. ed. 4to. p. 502. Non video quid impediat, quo minus & latina lingua hoc nomen Tinamus pro designando americano avium genere recipiatur. Characterem ejus condere & nervose describere, suoque ordine anceps genus ponere, alii qui ipse viderit relinquo. Inter Otides & Perdices locandum judicat BUFFON. l. c. & Otidis generi subjungendum p. 503. A gallinaceis utique differt rostro non fornicato, sed gracili, producto, obtuso, naribus in medio locatis, nulla sine dubio membrana cornea semiclausis, tibiis parum denudatis, digito postico brevi a terra elevato, quod ultimum tamen etiam in nonnullis gallinaceis occurrit. Sed volatu gravi, ovis pluribus, nido in terra, pulveratrice natura, gallinaceæ utique gentis.  ...  [tabula] Tin. Soui. ——Tinamus. B." (Hermann 1783): based on “Tinamous” of de Buffon 1770-1783; "GENUS LV.  TINAMUS.  Rostrum longiusculum, obtusum; nares in medio rostri.  Rictus ampla.  Latera capitis subdenudata.  Cauda breviuscula.  Pedes tetradactyli, digito postico a terra elevato.  1. brasiliensis.  ...  2. cinereus.  ...  3. variegatus.  ...  4. Soui." (Latham 1790); "Tinamus Latham, Ind. Orn., 2, 1790, p. 633. Type, by subsequent designation, Tinamus brasiliensis Latham = Tetrao major Gmelin (Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 63." (Peters 1931, 1, 12); "Tinamus Hermann,¹ Tabl. Aff. Anim., pp. 164, 235, 1783—based on "Les Tinamous" Buffon (Hist. Nat. Ois., 4, p. 502, 1778); type, by subs. desig. (Apstein, Sitzungsb. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, 1915, p. 197), Tetrao major Gmelin [= "Le Magoua" Buffon].  ...  ¹ Tinamus, though universally credited to Latham (Ind. Orn., 2, p. 633, 1790), was already proposed by Hermann for Buffon's "Les Tinamous," comprising the four species listed by Latham. Apstein appears to have been the first to select a genotype for Tinamus Hermann. Fortunately, it is the same species as the one designated by G. R. Gray (List Gen. Bds., p. 63, 1840) as genotype of Tinamus Latham, viz., Tetrao major Gmelin." (Hellmayr & Conover 1942, XIII, 6-7).
Var. Tinnamus, Tinamu.
Synon. Cryptura, Crypturus, Pezus, Trachypelmus.

major
L. maior, maioris  greater, larger  < comp. magnus  great, large, powerful.
● ex “Poule d’eau de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 352; “Even if [Statius Müller, 1776] ...should some day be repudiated by ornithologists on account of his carelessness and his apparent colour-blindness, then the proper name of the species would be Aramides major (Boddaert), founded on Daubenton’s plate” (Sharpe 1894) (syn. Aramides cajanea).
● ex “Grand Corbeau” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 51 (unident.;?Corvus sp.).
● ex “Crotophagus major” of Brisson 1760, “Grand bout de Petun” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 102, fig. 1, “Ani des palétuviers” of Salerne 1767, and “Greater Ani” of Latham 1781 (Crotophaga).
● 54. PICUS.  ...  major.  10. P. albo nigroque varius, ano occipiteque rubro.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus utrinque albescentibus. Fn. svec. 81.  Picus varius major. Ges. av. 708. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 32. Will. orn. 94. t. 21. Raj. av. 43. Alb. av. I. p. 19. t. 19. Frisch. av. . . t. 36. f. 1.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Dendrocopos).
● ex “Grande Egrette d’Amérique” of d’Aubenton, 1765-1781, pl. 925 (syn. Egretta garzetta).
● ex “Scolopax media” of Frisch 1733-1763, “Great Snipe” of Pennant 1768, and Latham 1785 (syn. Gallinago media).
● ex “Grand Indicateur, mâle” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 241, fig. 1 (syn. Indicator indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièche Blanchot” of Levaillant 1810, pl. 285 (syn. Malaconotus blanchoti).
● ex “An other sort of Loggerhead” of Sloane 1707-1725, “Sitta” or “Picus cinereus major, rostro curvo” of Ray 1713, “Grand Sittelle à bec crochu” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Great Nuthatch” of Latham 1781 (?syn. Myiarchus validus).
● ex “Parus major” of Gessner 1555, Belon 1555, Aldrovandus 1599, and Willughby 1676, “Fringillago”, “Great Titmouse” or “Ox Eye” of Ray 1713, and Albin 1731, and “Parus capite nigro, temporibus albis, nucha luteis” of Linnaeus 1746 (Parus).
● ex “Grèbe de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 404, fig. 1, and “Grand Grèbe” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (Podiceps).
● ex “Barbican des côtes de Barbarie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 602 (syn. Pogonornis dubius).
● ex “Grande Quiscale” of Vieillot 1819 (Quiscalus).
● ex “Tangara des grands bois de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 205 (syn. Saltator maximus).
● ex “Batara mayor” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 211 (Taraba).
● ex “Macucagua” of Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Perdix brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Magoua” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Tinamus).
● ex “Trepadore grande” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 241 (Xiphocolaptes).

SUBSPECIES

Great Tinamou (robustus)
Latin Name: Tinamus major robustus
robustus
L. robustus  powerful, strong, robust  < robur, roboris  hardwood.
● ex “Robust Parrot” of Latham 1781 (Poicephalus).

Great Tinamou (percautus)
Latin Name: Tinamus major percautus
percautus
L. percautus  very cautious  < per-  very, all; cautus  cautious, wary  < cavere  to beware.

Great Tinamou (fuscipennis)
Latin Name: Tinamus major fuscipennis
fuscipenne / fuscipennis
L. fuscus  dusky, dark; -pennis  -winged  < penna  feather.

Great Tinamou (castaneiceps)
Latin Name: Tinamus major castaneiceps
castaneiceps
L. castaneus  chestnut-coloured  < castanea  chestnut  < Gr. καστανον kastanon  chestnut; -ceps  -headed  < caput, capitis  head.

Great Tinamou (brunneiventris)
Latin Name: Tinamus major brunneiventris
brunneiventris
Mod. L. brunneus  brown  < Med. L. brunius  brown; L. venter, ventris  belly.

Great Tinamou (saturatus)
Latin Name: Tinamus major saturatus
saturatum / saturatus
L. saturatus  richly coloured, darker coloured, intensely coloured  < satur, satura  rich, copious  < satis  enough.
● “In my description of this Cuckoo [Cuculus micropterus] ...I considered certain dark ash-coloured specimens to be merely the old birds of the species ...Mr Hodgson, however, thinks differently, having lately forwarded similar examples by the designation C. saturatus” (Blyth 1843) (Cuculus).

Great Tinamou (latifrons)
Latin Name: Tinamus major latifrons
latifrons
L. latus  broad, wide; frons, frontis  brow, forehead.

Great Tinamou (zuliensis)
Latin Name: Tinamus major zuliensis
zuliae / zuliana / zulianus / zuliensis
Zulia State, Venezuela.

Great Tinamou (peruvianus)
Latin Name: Tinamus major peruvianus
peruana / peruanum / peruanus / peruvia / peruviana / peruvianus / peruviensis
Peru. Said to be named after Biru, a local Inca encountered by the conquistadores (although the name is also accredited to a Panamanian cazique). Until the early 18^th century the Viceroyalty of Peru included all Spanish possessions in South America.
● ex “Geai du Pérou” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 625, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Peruvian Jay” of Latham 1781 (syn. Cyanocorax yncas).
● ex “Coq de Roche du Pérou” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 745, and de Buffon 1770-1783 (Rupicola).
● Erroneous TL. Peru (= Brazil) (Tangara).
● Erroneous TL. Peru (= Tahiti) (Vini).

Great Tinamou (serratus)
Latin Name: Tinamus major serratus
serratus
L. serratus  toothed like a saw  < serra  saw.
● ex “Crested Black Cuckow” of Latham 1782 (subsp. Clamator jacobinus).

Great Tinamou (major)
Latin Name: Tinamus major major
major
L. maior, maioris  greater, larger  < comp. magnus  great, large, powerful.
● ex “Poule d’eau de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 352; “Even if [Statius Müller, 1776] ...should some day be repudiated by ornithologists on account of his carelessness and his apparent colour-blindness, then the proper name of the species would be Aramides major (Boddaert), founded on Daubenton’s plate” (Sharpe 1894) (syn. Aramides cajanea).
● ex “Grand Corbeau” of Levaillant 1800, pl. 51 (unident.;?Corvus sp.).
● ex “Crotophagus major” of Brisson 1760, “Grand bout de Petun” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 102, fig. 1, “Ani des palétuviers” of Salerne 1767, and “Greater Ani” of Latham 1781 (Crotophaga).
● 54. PICUS.  ...  major.  10. P. albo nigroque varius, ano occipiteque rubro.  Picus albo nigroque varius, rectricibus tribus lateralibus utrinque albescentibus. Fn. svec. 81.  Picus varius major. Ges. av. 708. Aldr. ornith. l. 12. c. 32. Will. orn. 94. t. 21. Raj. av. 43. Alb. av. I. p. 19. t. 19. Frisch. av. . . t. 36. f. 1.  Habitat in Europa." (Linnaeus 1758) (Dendrocopos).
● ex “Grande Egrette d’Amérique” of d’Aubenton, 1765-1781, pl. 925 (syn. Egretta garzetta).
● ex “Scolopax media” of Frisch 1733-1763, “Great Snipe” of Pennant 1768, and Latham 1785 (syn. Gallinago media).
● ex “Grand Indicateur, mâle” of Levaillant 1807, pl. 241, fig. 1 (syn. Indicator indicator).
● ex “Pie-grièche Blanchot” of Levaillant 1810, pl. 285 (syn. Malaconotus blanchoti).
● ex “An other sort of Loggerhead” of Sloane 1707-1725, “Sitta” or “Picus cinereus major, rostro curvo” of Ray 1713, “Grand Sittelle à bec crochu” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Great Nuthatch” of Latham 1781 (?syn. Myiarchus validus).
● ex “Parus major” of Gessner 1555, Belon 1555, Aldrovandus 1599, and Willughby 1676, “Fringillago”, “Great Titmouse” or “Ox Eye” of Ray 1713, and Albin 1731, and “Parus capite nigro, temporibus albis, nucha luteis” of Linnaeus 1746 (Parus).
● ex “Grèbe de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 404, fig. 1, and “Grand Grèbe” of de Buffon 1770-1785 (Podiceps).
● ex “Barbican des côtes de Barbarie” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 602 (syn. Pogonornis dubius).
● ex “Grande Quiscale” of Vieillot 1819 (Quiscalus).
● ex “Tangara des grands bois de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 205 (syn. Saltator maximus).
● ex “Batara mayor” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 211 (Taraba).
● ex “Macucagua” of Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Perdix brasiliensis” of Brisson 1760, and “Magoua” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Tinamus).
● ex “Trepadore grande” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 241 (Xiphocolaptes).

Great Tinamou (olivascens)
Latin Name: Tinamus major olivascens
olivascens
Mod. L. olivascens, olivascentis  somewhat olive  < L. oliva  olive.