Spheniscus Magellanicus Bird

English Name:  Magellanic Penguin
Latin Name:  Spheniscus magellanicus
Protonym:  Aptenodytes magellanicus Comment.Phys.Soc.Reg.Sci.Gotting. 3(1780) p.134,143 pl.5
Taxonomy:  Sphenisciformes / Spheniscidae / Spheniscus
Taxonomy Code:  magpen1
Type Locality:  Straits of Magellan.
Author:  Forster, JR
Publish Year:  1781
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

SPHENISCUS
(Spheniscidae; Ϯ Jackass Penguin S. demersus) Dim. < Gr. σφην sphēn, σφηνος sphēnos wedge; "Genre du Manchot. (1)    Genus Sphenisci. (1)  ....  (1) Manchot, nom que j'ai donné aux Oiseaux de ce genre à cause de la briéveté de leurs ailes.  ...  (1) Spheniscus, nomen a me hujus generis Avibus inditum" (Brisson 1760): based on Diomedea demersa Linnaeus, 1758, and "Anser Magellanica", "Pinguin" or "Penguin" of various earlier authors; "Spheniscus Brisson, Orn., 1, 1760, p. 52; 6, p. 96. Type, by monotypy, "Manchot" et "Manchot tachété" = Diomedea demersa Linné." (Peters 1931, 1, 33). The Jackass Penguin, so-called from its braying cries, is sometimes known as African Penguin. 
Synon. Dypsicles, Hyponectes, Molinaea, Penguinus.  
● (syn. Fratercula Ϯ Atlantic Puffin F. arctica) "PAPPEGAAIDUIKER, in 't Latyn Spheniscus.*  De soorten van Duiker en Aarsvoet, by LINNÆUS, Syst. Nat. gesl. 51 & 52." (Moehring 1758).

magellani / magellanica / magellanicus
Straits of Magellan (named after the Portuguese explorer Fernão de Magalhães (1480-1521), whose Spanish sponsored expedition 1519-1522 was the first circumnavigation of the Earth). In ornithology this toponym includes Tierra del Fuego and associated islands.
● ex “Jacurutu” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Hibou des Terres Magellaniques” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Bubo).
● ex “Oie des Terres Magellaniques” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 1006, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Magellanic Goose” of Latham 1785 (syn. Chloephaga picta).
● ex “Magellanic Shag” of Latham 1785 (Phalacrocorax).
● ex “Magellanic Warbler” (= ☼) of Latham 1783 (Scytalopus).
● Erroneous TL. Southern America and vicinity of Straits of Magellan (= Buenos Aires, Argentina); ex “Gafarron” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 134 (Spinus).