Lanius Ludovicianus Bird

English Name:  Loggerhead Shrike
Latin Name:  Lanius ludovicianus
Protonym:  Lanius ludovicianus Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.134
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Laniidae / Lanius
Taxonomy Code:  logshr
Type Locality:  Louisiana.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Near Threatened

DEFINITIONS

LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.

lanius
L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces.

ludoviciana / ludovicianus
Late L. Ludovicius Louis.  Louisiana (named after Louis XIV King of France (1638-1715: reigned 1643-1715)) was claimed by France and encompassed the drainage of the Mississippi.  It was sold by Napoleon Bonaparte to the USA in 1803, doubling the size of the republic.
● ex “Farlouzanne” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Anthus rubescens).
● ex “Grand Duc de la Louisiane” of Mauduyt de la Varenne 1782-1787 (syn. Bubo virginianus).
● ex “Crabier de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 909, “Crabier roux à tête et queue vertes” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Heron” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (syn. Butorides striata virescens).
● Louis Colville Gray Clarke (1881–1960) British archaeologist, art-collector, naturalist, Curator of Fitzwilliam Mus., Cambridge 1937-1946 (syn. Caprimulgus inornatus).
● ex “Papegai à tête aurore” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Orange-headed Parrot” of Latham 1781 (‡subsp. Conuropsis carolinensis).
● ex “Tyran de la Louisiane” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (syn. Myiarchus crinitus).
● ex "Gros-bec de la Louisiane" of Brisson 1760 (Pheucticus).
● ex “Grèbe de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 943, and “Louisiane Grebe” of Pennant 1785, and of Latham 1785 (syn. Podilymbus podiceps).
● ex “Cassique de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 646, and “White-headed Oriole” (= partial leucistic) of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Quiscalus quiscula).
● ex “Ficedula ludoviciana” of Brisson 1760, “Figuier à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Warbler” of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Setophaga americana).
● ex “Etourneau de la Louisiane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Sturnella magna).
● ex “Roitelet de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 730, fig. 1 (Thryothorus).
● Erroneous TL. Louisiana (= Australia); ex “Vanellus ludovicianus armatus” of Brisson 1760, “Vanneau armé de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 385, “Louisiane Sandpiper” of Latham 1785, and “Armed Sandpiper” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Vanellus miles).

SUBSPECIES

Loggerhead Shrike (gambeli)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus gambeli
gambeli / gambelii / gambelli / gambellii
William Gambel, Jr. (1821-1849) US explorer, naturalist, collector in North America (subsp. Anser albifrons, Callipepla, syn. Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides, Poecile, subsp. Zonotrichia leucophrys, syn. Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli).

Loggerhead Shrike (excubitorides)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides
excubitorides
Specific name Lanius excubitor Linnaeus, 1785; Gr. -οιδης -oidēs  resembling; "[29.]  2. LANIUS EXCUBITORIDES. (Swainson.)  American Grey Shrike.   FAMILY. Laniadæ.  Sub-family. Lanianæ. SWAINSON.   CH. SP.  LANIUS EXCUBITORIDES pulchre plumbeus subter albus immaculatus, rostro lineaque frontali transversa et fascia capitis laterali nigris, alis brevibus, cauda gracili elongato-cuneata nigra albo lateraliter cincta.  ...  Lastly, as this bird so closely resembles the European excubitor in size and colour, what are their respective distinctions?" (Swainson 1832) (subsp. Lanius ludovicianus).

Loggerhead Shrike (migrans)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus migrans
migrans
L. migrans, migrantis  migrating, departing  < migrare  to migrate.
● ex “Ortolan de la Lorraine” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 511, fig. 1 (syn. Emberiza cia).
● ex “Milan noir” of de Buffon 1770-1785, and “Black Kite” of Latham 1783 (Milvus).

Loggerhead Shrike (sonoriensis)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus sonoriensis
sonorae / sonorana / sonoriensis
Sonora, northern Mexico.

Loggerhead Shrike (anthonyi)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi
anthonyi
● Alfred Webster Anthony (1865-1939) US mining engineer, ornithologist, collector (subsp. Butorides striata, subsp. Cinclus mexicanus, Dicaeum, subsp. Lanius ludovicianus, syn. Thryomanes bewickii leucophrys).
● Dr Harold Elmer Anthony (1890-1970) US zoologist, collector, Associate Curator of Mammals at AMNH (syn. Icterus pectoralis, Nyctidromus, ‡Scolopax, syn. Zentrygon albifacies).

Loggerhead Shrike (mearnsi)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus mearnsi
mearnsi
Lt.-Col. Edgar Alexander Mearns (1858-1916) US Army 1883-1909, surgeon, collector in Mexico 1892-1894, the Philippines 1903-1907, and tropical Africa 1909-1911 (Aerodramus, subsp. Agelaius phoeniceus, subsp. Colaptes chrysoides, subsp. Cyrtonyx montezumae, subsp. Junco hyemalis, subsp. Lanius ludovicianus, syn. Macronus striaticeps mindanensis, syn. Melanerpes formicivorus, subsp. Orthotomus frontalis, subsp. Toxostoma cinereum, syn. Turtur afer, subsp. Zenaida asiatica).

Loggerhead Shrike (grinnelli)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus grinnelli
grinnelli
Dr Joseph Grinnell (1877-1939) US ornithologist (subsp. Agelaius phoeniceus, ‡syn. Caracara plancus prelutosus, subsp. Glaucidium gnoma, syn. Haemorhous mexicanus frontalis, subsp. Lanius ludovicianus, subsp. Loxia curvirostra, syn. Poecile gambeli baileyae, subsp. Regulus calendula, ‡Spizaetus).

Loggerhead Shrike (nelsoni)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus nelsoni
nelsoni
• Dr Edward William Nelson (1855-1934) US zoologist, collector in US and Mexico, President of AOU 1908, and Chief of US Biological Survey 1916-1927 (subsp. Agelaius phoeniceus, Ammospiza, syn. Antrostomus badius, subsp. Campephilus guatemalensis, subsp. Campylorhynchus megalopterus, subsp. Catharus frantzii, syn. Colinus virginianus insignis, subsp. Cyanocorax sanblasianus, syn. Dryobates pubescens medianus, subsp. Eupherusa eximia, Geothlypis, subsp. Habia rubica, subsp. Icterus cucullatus, subsp. Lagopus mutum, syn. Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus, syn. Larus vegae x L. hyperboreus hybrid, subsp. Lochmias nematura, syn. Myiarchus tyrannulus cooperi, syn. Nyctidromus albicollis yucatanensis, subsp. Onychoprion anaethetus, syn. Phaethornis striigularis subrufescens, subsp. Polioptila caerulea, subsp. Quiscalus mexicanus, subsp. Sialia mexicana, subsp. Sitta carolinensis, subsp. Tunchiornis ochraceiceps, Vireo (ex Vireo nanus Nelson, 1898)).
• George Nelson (1876-1962) US botanist, zoologist, photographer, taxidermist at MCZ, Harvard College 1901-1946 (Martin Schneider in litt.) (subsp. Setophaga vitellina).

Loggerhead Shrike (ludovicianus)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus
ludoviciana / ludovicianus
Late L. Ludovicius Louis.  Louisiana (named after Louis XIV King of France (1638-1715: reigned 1643-1715)) was claimed by France and encompassed the drainage of the Mississippi.  It was sold by Napoleon Bonaparte to the USA in 1803, doubling the size of the republic.
● ex “Farlouzanne” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (syn. Anthus rubescens).
● ex “Grand Duc de la Louisiane” of Mauduyt de la Varenne 1782-1787 (syn. Bubo virginianus).
● ex “Crabier de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 909, “Crabier roux à tête et queue vertes” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Heron” of Pennant 1785, and Latham 1785 (syn. Butorides striata virescens).
● Louis Colville Gray Clarke (1881–1960) British archaeologist, art-collector, naturalist, Curator of Fitzwilliam Mus., Cambridge 1937-1946 (syn. Caprimulgus inornatus).
● ex “Papegai à tête aurore” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Orange-headed Parrot” of Latham 1781 (‡subsp. Conuropsis carolinensis).
● ex “Tyran de la Louisiane” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (syn. Myiarchus crinitus).
● ex "Gros-bec de la Louisiane" of Brisson 1760 (Pheucticus).
● ex “Grèbe de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 943, and “Louisiane Grebe” of Pennant 1785, and of Latham 1785 (syn. Podilymbus podiceps).
● ex “Cassique de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 646, and “White-headed Oriole” (= partial leucistic) of Latham 1782, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Quiscalus quiscula).
● ex “Ficedula ludoviciana” of Brisson 1760, “Figuier à gorge jaune” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Louisiane Warbler” of Pennant 1785 (?syn. Setophaga americana).
● ex “Etourneau de la Louisiane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Sturnella magna).
● ex “Roitelet de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 730, fig. 1 (Thryothorus).
● Erroneous TL. Louisiana (= Australia); ex “Vanellus ludovicianus armatus” of Brisson 1760, “Vanneau armé de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 385, “Louisiane Sandpiper” of Latham 1785, and “Armed Sandpiper” of Pennant 1785 (syn. Vanellus miles).

Loggerhead Shrike (miamensis)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus miamensis
miamensis
● Miami, Florida, USA (subsp. Lanius ludovicianus).
● Miami River, Florida, USA (subsp. Thryothorus ludovicianus).

Loggerhead Shrike (mexicanus)
Latin Name: Lanius ludovicianus mexicanus
mexicanum / mexicanus
Mexico (probably named after Mexihtli, another name for Huitzilopochtli the Aztec god of war). This toponym also included New Spain, a former name for Mexico.
● ex “Colcuicuiltu” of Hernandez 1651, and “Caille de la Louisiane” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Colinus virginianus).
● ex “Hoitlalotl” of Hernandez 1651, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Courier Pheasant” of Latham 1783 (?syn. Geococcyx velox).
● Erroneous TL. New Spain (= Cayenne); ex “Troupiale brun de la Nouvelle Espagne” (= ☼) of Brisson 1760 (Gymnomystax).
● ex “Comaltecatl” of Hernandez 1651, and “Échasse du Méxique” of Brisson 1760 (subsp. Himantopus himantopus).
● Erroneous TL. Mexico (= Jamaica) (syn. Icterus leucopteryx).
● ex “Merula mexicana” of Seba 1734-1765, “Galgulus mexicanus” of Brisson 1760, “Roller du Mexique” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Roller” of Latham 1781 (?syn. Laniocera or Lipaugus sp.).
● Erroneous TL. New Spain (= Cayenne); ex “Faisan huppé de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 337, “Crested Pheasant” of Latham 1783, Phasianus cristatus J. Gmelin, 1789, and “Penelôpe hoatzin du Méxique” of Temminck 1807 (syn. Opisthocomus hoazin).
● ex “Acacalotl” of Hernandez 1651, “Acalotl” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Numenius mexicanus varius” of Brisson 1760, “Acalot” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Ibis” of Latham 1785 (?syn. Plegadis falcinellus).
● ex “Hocitzanatl” of Hernandez 1651, and Ray, 1711, “Pica Mexicana major” of Brisson 1760, “Hocisana” of de Buffon 1770-1783, “Criard” of Pernety 1771, and “Mexican Crow” of Latham 1781 (Quiscalus).
● ex “Tecolotl” of Ray 1713, “Asio mexicanus” of Brisson, and “Mexican Eared Owl” of Latham 1781 (syn. Rhinoptynx clamator).
● ex “Yacapatlahoac” of Hernandez 1651, “Anas clypeata mexicana” or “Souchet du Méxique” of Brisson 1760, and “Mexican Shoveler” of Latham 1785 (syn. Spatula clypeata).
● Erroneous TL. Mexico (= Puerto Rico) (Todus).
● ex “Avis Cocho Psittaci mexicani species” of Seba 1734, and “Psittaca mexicana lutea” of Brisson 1760 (unident.).
● ex “Avis de cocho, psittaci species mexicana vario colore” of Seba 1734, “Psittacula mexicana cristata” of Brisson 1760, and “Crested Mexican Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (unident.).
● ex “Caxcaxtototl” of Ray 1713, “Cotinga mexicana” of Brisson 1760, “Cacastol” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Mexican Stare” of Latham 1783 (unident.).