Rallus Limicola Bird
Rallus Limicola Bird
English Name:
Latin Name:
Protonym: Rallus limicola Nouv.Dict.Hist.Nat. 28 p.558
Taxonomy: Gruiformes / Rallidae / Rallus
Taxonomy Code: virrai
Type Locality: United States = Pennsylvania, ex Edwards, pi. 279.
Author: Vieillot
Publish Year: 1819
IUCN Status: Least Concern
DEFINITIONS
RALLUS
(Rallidae; Ϯ Water Rail R. aquaticus) Probably from Med. French Rasle or Râle rail (supported by Sundevall 1873: "Nomen Rallus, primum Rasle, Bélon, dein Râle, est vox gallica medii ævi, nec latina, sed usu diuturno probata", and BOU 1915: “the latinized form of the French Rale, our Rail, Dutch Ral”), but Gessner 1555 states, "Rallus hæc avis circa Venetias appellatur", and Macleod 1954, has “Latinized form of German ralle, rail (bird)”; "83. RALLUS. Rostrum basi crassius, compressum, dorso attenuatum apicem versus, æquale, acutum. Pedes tetradactyli, fissi. Corpus compressum." (Linnaeus 1758); ex “Rallus aquaticus” of Willughby 1676, and “Water Rail. Rallus Aquaticus” of Albin 1731; "Rallus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. Type, by subsequent designation, Rallus aquaticus Linné. (Fleming, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, 1821, p. 176.)" (Peters 1934, II, 157). Linnaeus's Rallus comprised five species (R. Crex, R. aquaticus, R. lariformis, R. benghalensis, R. carolinus).
Var. Railus, Ralus, Rallas, Rullus, Ballus.
Synon. Biensis, Epirallus.
limicola
L. limicola mud-dweller < limus, limi mud; -cola -dweller < colere to inhabit.
● ex “American Water-Rail” of Edwards 1760 (Rallus).
Limicola
(syn. Calidris Ϯ Broad-billed Sandpiper C. falcinellus) L. limicola mud-dweller < limus, limi mud; -cola dweller < colere to inhabit; "LXXVII. Gattung. Sumpfläufer. Limicola. (Tab. IX. A. Fig. 74.) Schnabel: Vom Grunde aus gerade, vor der Spitze aber stark abwärts gekrümmt, an der Wurzel hoch, übrigens von oben und unten flachgedrückt; die Mundkanten hervorstehend, und die Seitenlängefurchen bis zur Spitze gehend; die Spitze glatt, im Tode nicht runzlich. Nasenlöcher: Klein, durchsichtig, etwas länger als ihre Entfernung vom Schnabelgrunde, länglich oval, und rückwärts etwas aufwärts liegend. Zunge: — — Der Sumpfläufer hat ganz die äußere Gestalt der Vögel der Gattung Gallinago, mit dem einzigen Unterschied, daß die Augen mehr an der Mitte des Kopfs stehen. Auch die Füße sind ganz wie bei diesen beschaffen. Eine Art. 197. Kleiner Sumpfläufer. Limicola pygmaea." (Koch 1816); "Limicola Koch, Syst. baier. Zool., 1816, p. 316. Type, by monotypy, Numenius pygmaeus Bechstein (not of Latham) = Scolopax falcinellus Pontoppidan." (Peters 1934, II, 287). Var. Limnicola.
SUBSPECIES
Virginia Rail (Virginia)
Latin Name: Rallus limicola limicola/friedmanni
RALLUS
(Rallidae; Ϯ Water Rail R. aquaticus) Probably from Med. French Rasle or Râle rail (supported by Sundevall 1873: "Nomen Rallus, primum Rasle, Bélon, dein Râle, est vox gallica medii ævi, nec latina, sed usu diuturno probata", and BOU 1915: “the latinized form of the French Rale, our Rail, Dutch Ral”), but Gessner 1555 states, "Rallus hæc avis circa Venetias appellatur", and Macleod 1954, has “Latinized form of German ralle, rail (bird)”; "83. RALLUS. Rostrum basi crassius, compressum, dorso attenuatum apicem versus, æquale, acutum. Pedes tetradactyli, fissi. Corpus compressum." (Linnaeus 1758); ex “Rallus aquaticus” of Willughby 1676, and “Water Rail. Rallus Aquaticus” of Albin 1731; "Rallus Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 153. Type, by subsequent designation, Rallus aquaticus Linné. (Fleming, Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc., 3, 1821, p. 176.)" (Peters 1934, II, 157). Linnaeus's Rallus comprised five species (R. Crex, R. aquaticus, R. lariformis, R. benghalensis, R. carolinus).
Var. Railus, Ralus, Rallas, Rullus, Ballus.
Synon. Biensis, Epirallus.
Virginia Rail (Ecuadorian)
Latin Name: Rallus limicola aequatorialis
aequatoriale / aequatorialis
Late L. aequatorialis equatorial < aequator equator < L. aequare to make equal < aequus equal. Frequently given to species with a distribution in the equatorial latitudes of Africa (e.g. subsp. Jynx ruficollis, Sheppardia), but more commonly applied to birds from Ecuador (Spanish ecuador equator) (e.g. Momotus, Thamnistes, Xiphorhynchus).
● Erroneous TL. Guayaquil (= Panama City) (subsp. Dendroica petechia).
● Erroneous TL. Guayaquil (= interior of Ecuador) (subsp. Falco sparverius).
● Erroneous TL. Ecuador (= Bahia, Brazil) (syn. Heliothryx aurita auriculata).
● Erroneous TL. Bogotá (= San Lucas, Ecuador) (subsp. Rallus limicola).
UPPERCASE: current genus
Uppercase first letter: generic synonym
● and ● See: generic homonyms
lowercase: species and subspecies
●: early names, variants, mispellings
‡: extinct
†: type species
Gr.: ancient Greek
L.: Latin
<: derived from
syn: synonym of
/: separates historical and modern geographic names
ex: based on
TL: type locality
OD: original diagnosis (genus) or original description (species)