Psittacula Krameri Bird

English Name:  Rose-ringed Parakeet
Latin Name:  Psittacula krameri
Protonym:  Psittacus krameri AnnusIHist.-Nat. p.31
Taxonomy:  Psittaciformes / Psittaculidae / Psittacula
Taxonomy Code:  rorpar
Type Locality:  No locality = Senegal, fide Neumann, Orn. Monatsb., 23, 1915, p. 73, note.
Author:  Scopoli
Publish Year:  1769
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PSITTACULA
(Psittacidae; Ϯ Red-breasted Parakeet P. alexandri) Mod. L. psittacula  little parrot, parakeet  < dim. L. psittacus  parrot  < Gr. ψιττακος psittakos  parrot; "Perruches ...... Psittacula." (Cuvier 1800); "As an item of importance to extra-limital workers, I might notice that Opinion No. 39 legitimatises Cuvier's Psittacula, and this is quite different to the genus now so called and is antecedent to Palæornis. Thus Psittacula Cuvier was provided for Les Perruches, and as examples in the Leçons are cited P. alexandri and P. rufirostris. These, as understood by Cuvier, were congeneric and are typical Palæornis of Vigors. I have already indicated that Conurus Kuhl was typified by Lesson by Palæornis and should displace it. At the present time Psittacula Cuvier will replace Conurus, while Palæornis must altogether disappear.  Apparently for the South American Parrots now termed Psittacula, Boie's genus name Forpus will come into use" (Mathews 1917).
Var. Petacula.
Synon. Alexandrinus, Belocercus, Belurus, Himalayapsitta, Nicopsitta, Palaeornis, Sagittifer.
● (syn. Agapornis Ϯ Grey-headed Lovebird A. canus) "2. Perruche a teste Grise, BUFF. XI. p. 240.  Psittacula Madagascariensis, BRISS. Ornith. IV. p. 394. pl. XXX. 2.  LINN. Gen. o.  grey headed Parrakeet. LATH. birds I. p. 315. n. 122" (Boddaert 1783).
● (syn. Brotogeris Ϯ Plain Parakeet B. tirica) "LA PETITE PERRUCHE DU BRÉSIL.  ...  PSITTACULA BRASILIENSIS" (Brisson 1760); based on "Tui tirica" of de Laët 1633, Marcgrave 1648, Willughby 1676 and Ray 1713.
● (syn. Cyclorrhynchus Ϯ Parakeet Auklet C. psittacula) Specific name Alca psittacula Pallas, 1769; "Tablica L.  ...  {poteżnie ściśniony  {z gòry i z dołu wypukły, w pół háczykowaty.  3. Staryk.  Psittacula.   ...   RODZÀY III. (193.)   STARYK.  .PSITTACULA.   Parkittaucher, Niem.   ...   Dobrze rozróżnionych náleży do tego rodzaiu trzy gatunki (Alca Psittacula, Alca cristalla i Alca tetracula. GL.)" (Jarocki 1821) (Laurent Raty in litt.).
● (syn. Forpus Ϯ Green-rumped Parrotlet F. passerinus) "PSITTACULA.  Psittacula*,  Cuv., fide Ill. Prodr. Mamm. et Av. p. 200 (1811); Kuhl, Consp. Psitt. p. 8 (1820). . . .Type P. passerina.  ...  *Psittacula is often attributed to Brisson, who, however, did not use it generically" (Salvadori 1891).

psittacula
Mod. L. psittacula  little parrot, parakeet  < dim. L. psittacus  parrot  < Gr. ψιττακος psittakos  parrot (cf. < dim. genus Psittacus Linnaeus, 1758, parrot).

krameri / krameria / krammeri
Dr Wilhelm Heinrich Franz Kramer (1724-1765) Austrian naturalist, botanist (syn. Circus aeruginosus, syn. Egretta garzetta (Martin Schneider in litt.), syn. Glareola pratincola, Psittacula).

SUBSPECIES

Rose-ringed Parakeet (krameri)
Latin Name: Psittacula krameri krameri
krameri / krameria / krammeri
Dr Wilhelm Heinrich Franz Kramer (1724-1765) Austrian naturalist, botanist (syn. Circus aeruginosus, syn. Egretta garzetta (Martin Schneider in litt.), syn. Glareola pratincola, Psittacula).

Rose-ringed Parakeet (parvirostris)
Latin Name: Psittacula krameri parvirostris
parvirostris
L. parvus  small; -rostris  -billed  < rostrum  beak.
● ex “Pato pico pequeño” of de Azara 1802-1805, no. 432 (syn. Anas sibilatrix).
● "54.  Tetrao, L.   141. urogallus, L.  (major, Br.  crassirostris, Brehm.  hybridus, L. cum Lyr. tetrice.  medius, Leisl.  intermedius, Langsd.  pseudourogallus, Brehm.  maculatus, Brehm.  urogalloides, Nilss.)   142. parvirostris, Bp.  (urogalloides, Middend.)" (Bonaparte 1856).  According to Mlíkovsky 2012, "the Black-billed Capercaillie should be called Tetrao urogalloides Middendorff, 1853, not Tetrao parvirostris Bonaparte, 1856." (syn. Tetrao urogalloides).

Rose-ringed Parakeet (borealis)
Latin Name: Psittacula krameri borealis
borealis
L. borealis  northern  < boreas  north wind, north  < Gr. βορεας boreas  north wind, north. This epithet refers not only to northern latitudes but also to a distribution or range north of previously known forms.
● King George Bay, Alaska; ex “Boreal Sandpiper” of Latham 1785 (syn. Aphriza virgata).
● Carolina; ex “American Buzzard” of Latham 1781, and “Red-tailed Falcon” of Pennant 1785 (subsp. Buteo jamaicensis).
● Erroneous TL. Northern United States (= South Carolina) (Leuconotopicus).
● Erroneous TL. "Kamtschatka" (= Princes I., Java); ex “Rusty-headed Warbler” of Latham 1783 (syn. Orthotomus sepium).
● Erroneous TL. Iceland (= Norway) (subsp. Poecile montanus).

Rose-ringed Parakeet (manillensis)
Latin Name: Psittacula krameri manillensis
manilla / manillae / manillensis
Manila, Luzon, Philippines.
● ex "Pie-griesche de Manille" of Brisson 1760 (syn. Artamus leucorynchus).
● ex “Petite caille de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Manilla Quail” of Latham 1783 (syn. Coturnix chinensis lineata).
● (Forster 1781) ex “Merula solitarius philippensis” of Brisson 1760 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● (Boddaert 1783) ex “Merle solitaire de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 636 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● (J. Gmelin 1789) ex “Merula solitarius manillensis” of Brisson 1760, “Merle solitaire de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 564, fig. 2, and pl. 636, and “Pensive Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Monticola solitarius philippensis).
● ex “Pelican brun de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Manilla Pelican” of Latham 1785 (syn. Pelecanus philippensis).
● ex “Calao de Manille” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 891, and de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Manilla Hornbill” of Latham 1781 (Penelopides).
● ex “Courlis brun de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Manilla Ibis” of Latham 1785 (syn. Plegadis falcinellus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à gorge jaune de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Yellow-throated Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).
● Erroneous TL. "the Manillas" (= South America); ex "Sarcelle de l'Isle de Luçon" of Sonnerat 1782 (syn. Callonetta leucophrys).
● Erroneous TL. Luzon, Manila (= Cape of Good Hope); ex “Pic verd de l’isle de Luçon” of Sonnerat 1776, and “Manilla Green Woodpecker” of Latham 1782 (syn. Dendropicos griseocephalus).
● Erroneous TL. Philippines (= Ceylon); ex “Perruche à collier couleur de rose” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Rose-ringed Parrakeet” of Latham 1781 (subsp. Psittacula krameri).