Gallinago Imperialis Bird

English Name:  Imperial Snipe
Latin Name:  Gallinago imperialis
Protonym:  Gallinago imperialis Proc.Zool.Soc.London Pt2 p.419
Taxonomy:  Charadriiformes / Scolopacidae / Gallinago
Taxonomy Code:  impsni1
Type Locality:  Bogota, Colombia.
Author:  Sclater & Salvin
Publish Year:  1869
IUCN Status:  Near Threatened

DEFINITIONS

GALLINAGO
(Scolopacidae; Ϯ Common Snipe G. gallinago) Specific name Scolopax Gallinago Linnaeus, 1758; "**2. LA BECCASSINE.  ...  GALLINAGO.  ...  Elle se tient dans des endroits marécageux, & le long des petits ruisseaux." (Brisson 1760): based on "Gallinago" of Brisson 1760, Scolopax Gallinago Linnaeus, 1758, and "Scolopax" or "Capella" of other authors; "LXXVI Gattung.  Gräser. Gallinago.  (Tab. IX. A. Fig. 73.)  Schnabel: Sehr lang, gerade, walzenförmig; die untere Kinnlade vom Grunde aus etwas breiter als die obere; die Spitzenkolbe stärker  als bei der Schnepfe, von oben breiter, und in der Mitte mit einer Längerinne versehen, im Leben glatt, im Tode runzlich; die Seitenlängefurchen bis fast zur Schnabelspitze gehend; die Mundkanten hervorstehend.  Nasenlöcher: Zweimal so lang als ihre Entfernung vom Schnabelgrunde, länglich oval, und etwas schief liegend.  Zunge: Sehr lang, bis fast zur Schnabelspitze gehend, pfriemenförmig, dünn, oben etwas rinnenförmig; an dem Hinterrand zu jeder Seite der Mitte drei Zähne, wovon der äußerste den stärkern Ekzahn ausmaeht; auf diesen Ekzahn noch ein viertes und unter demselben noch zwei kleinere Zähnchen: im Ganzen am Hinterterrand 12 Zähne; die Seitenränder hinten glatt, und nicht gezähnt.   ...   Drei Arten.  194. Großer Gräser.  Gallinago major.  ...  Scolopax major. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 661. n. 36.  Scolopax paludosa. Daselbst p. 661. n. 35.  Scolopax media. Bechst. orn. T. p. 280. = Meyers u. Wolfs T. p. 362.  ...  Name: An dem Bodensee großer Gräßer.   ...   195. Halb-Gräser. Gallinago media.  ...  Scolopax Gallinago. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 662. N. 7. = Schrank f. b. B. I. p. 216. n. 189. = Bechst. orn. T. p. 280. = Meyers und Wolfs T. p. 363.  ...  Name: Beccassine, an dem Bodensee Gräser.   ...   196. Kleiner Gräser. Gallinago minor.  ...  Scolopacx [sic] Gallinula. Gmel. Linn. S. I. p. 662. n. 8. = Schrank f. b. B. I. p. 216. n. 190. = Bechst. orn. T. p. 281. = Meyers und Wolfs T. p. 364.  ...  Name: Kleine Beccassine, Bokerle, kleiner Gräser." (Koch 1816); "Gallinago KOCH, Syst. Baier. Zool., 1816, 312. Type, by tautonymy, Gallinago media KOCH = Scolopax gallinago LINNÆUS." (AOU Check-List, ed. 3, 1910, p. 110); "GALLINAGO Brisson, 1760  F— "Gallinago" Brisson; type by tautonymy = Scolopax gallinago Linnaeus, 1758 ⁸  ...  ⁸ For suppression of Capella see Direction 39 (I.C.Z.N., 1956). That name was used by Peters (1934)." (Dickinson and Remsen (eds.), H. & M. Complete Checklist, 4th ed., 2013, 1 (Non-passerines), p. 214).   
Synon. Capella, Chubbia, Ditelmatias, Enalias, Eugallinago, Homoptilura, Homoscolopax, Macrodura, Nemoricola, Neospilura, Odura, Odurella, Pelorychus, Spilura, Subspilura, Telmatias, Xylocota.

gallinago
Late Med. L. gallinago woodcock, snipe (Turner 1544) < L. gallina hen  < gallus  cockerel; -ago resembling; probably from the speckled brown plumage, halting progress, and sudden cries of the Common Snipe; "77. SCOLOPAX.  ...  Gallinago.  11. S. rostro recto apice tuberculato, pedibus fuscis, lineis frontis fuscis quaternis.  Numenius capite lineis 4, fuscis longitudinalibus, rostri apice tuberculoso, femoribus seminudis. Faun. svec. 143.  Gallinago minor. Gesn. av. 503. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 53. Will. orn. 214. Raj. av. 105. n. 2. Alb. av. I. p. 68. t. 71.  Habitat in Europa.  Hæc Capella cœlestis cujus mas tam alte celerrimeque volitat, ut audiri, non vero oculis attingi possit." (Linnaeus 1758) (Gallinago).

imperialis
L. imperialis  imperial  < imperium  power, command, empire  < imperare  to rule over (e.g. large, impressive, clad in imperial purple).
• "Mr. Vigors took the same opportunity of describing and naming two Parrots in the Society's Collection, one of which, now alive in the Menagerie, distinguished by a brilliant purple plumage over the head, nape, and breast, and which came from South America, be characterized under the name of Psittacus augustus" (Vigors 1837); "Psittacus augustus Vigors, P. Z. S. (1836), Jan. 16, 1837, 80, for the Imperial Parrot of Dominica, is preoccupied by Psittacus augustus Shaw, Mus. Lever.., 1792, 59, pl. 2.  This will necessitate a new name for Amazona augusta (Vigors), which may be called Amazona imperialis, this name having stood for several years in Mr. Ridgway's MSS." (Richmond 1899) (Amazona).
• Rudolf II Holy Roman Emperor (1552-1612; reigned 1576-1611 (deposed)) King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia, Archduke of Austria, patron of the arts and the occult (‡syn. Aphanapteryx bonasia).
• "Ardea imperialis, nom. nov.   This large Heron has been generally known as Ardea insignis, the reference being given as Hume, 'Stray Feathers,' vi. p. 470, 1878.  But the name insignis is preoccupied, for it is first given by Hodgson in 1844, Zool. Misc. p. 86, where it is a nomen nudum.  This is then cited by Gray in 1846 as a synonym of nobilis Blyth (Gray, Cat. Birds Nepal, p. 133), and again as a synonym of sumatrana Raffles by Gray in 1871 (Handb. Gen. Sp. Birds, p. 27).  The name consequently cannot be resuscitated by Hume for his bird." (Stuart Baker 1929) (Ardea).
• "In this respect it as far exceeds the ivory-billed Woodpecker of the United States, Picus principalis, as the latter does the Pic. Martius of Europe.  Mr. Gould described it as the PICUS  IMPERIALIS  ...  this species is readily distinguishable from the Pic. principalis by its much larger size; by the length of its occipital crest, the pendent silky feathers of which measure nearly 4 inches" (Gould 1832) (‡Campephilus).
• "6.  GALLINAGO  IMPERIALIS, sp. n.  ...  There can be no question, however, that our bird shows considerable rapprochement towards true Scolopax, though we think it best to keep it within the limits of Gallinago, its nearest structural allies being G. stricklandi and G. jamesoni, both of which have short robust tarsi and the tibiæ feathered, as in the present species, nearly down to the tarsal joint." (P. Sclater & Salvin 1869) (Gallinago).
• Khai Dinh (1885-1925) Emperor of Annam 1916-1925 (Lophura edwardsi x Lophura nycthemera hybrid).