Lanius Humeralis Bird

English Name:  Northern Fiscal
Latin Name:  Lanius humeralis
Protonym:  Lanius humeralis Voy.Abyssin.[Salt] App. IV p. li
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Laniidae / Lanius
Taxonomy Code:  norfis1
Type Locality:  Chelicut, Abyssinia (p. 45 of Salt''s Voy. . . .).
Author:  Stanley
Publish Year:  1814
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

LANIUS
(Laniidae; Ϯ Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor) L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces. The shrikes were formerly known as ‘butcher-birds,’ from their habit of storing prey by impaling it on thorns and sharp twigs, giving the resemblance to a butcher’s shambles or slaughterhouse (Mod. L. Lanius (Ray 1713) shrike, butcher-bird); “I reject the compound-name of Butcher-Bird, and retain the old English name of Shrike, from the noise” (Pennant 1773). In nomenclature lanius is used in a variety of combinations for birds with stout, hooked or toothed bills or with the general appearance of a shrike; "43. LANIUS.  Rostrum rectiusculum, dente utrinque versus apicem, basi nudum.  Lingua lacera." (Linnaeus 1758); "Lanius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1, p. 93. Type, by subsequent designation, Lanius excubitor Linnaeus (Swainson, 1824, Zool. Journ., 1 (1825), p. 294)." (Rand in Peters 1960, IX, 342). This is the fourth diagnosed genus in avian taxonomy. Linnaeus's Lanius comprised ten species (L. cristatus, L. Excubitor, L. Collurio, L. Tyrannus, L. Carnifex, L. Schach, L. Senator, L. cærulescens, L. jocosus, L. Garrulus).   
Var. Lanii, Larius.   
Synon. Caudolanius, Cephalophoneus, Collurio, Creurgus, Enneoctonus, Fiscus, Lanioides, Leucometopon, Neolanius, Neofiscus, Otomela, Phoneus.

lanius
L. lanius  butcher  < laniare  to tear to pieces.

humeralis
Late L. humeralis  of the shoulders  < L. umerus  shoulders.
● ex “Perruche Banks” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Lathamus discolor).
● ex “Fringilla humeralis” of Lichtenstein MS (Peucaea).
● ex “Waalia Pigeon” of Bruce 1790 (syn. Treron waalia).

SUBSPECIES

Northern Fiscal (smithii)
Latin Name: Lanius humeralis smithii
smithii
● Sir Andrew Smith (1797-1872) Scottish zoologist, ethnologist, explorer in South Africa, first Superintendent of Cape Town Mus. 1825 (syn. Accipiter melanoleucus, syn. Anthoscopus minutus, syn. Campethera abingoni suahelica, syn. Cisticola aberrans, syn. Falco rupicoloides, subsp. Lanius collaris, syn. Merops bullockoides, syn. Rhinopomastus cyanomelas, Spatula, subsp. Terpsiphone rufiventer).
● Sir James Edward Smith (1759-1828) English botanist, first President of the Linnean Society of London (syn. Ailuroedus crassirostris, Geophaps).
● Prof. Christen Smith (1785-1816) Norwegian botanist, naturalist, collector in the Canaries 1815, Cape Verdes, and the Congo 1816  (Hirundo).
● Dr Arthur Donaldson-Smith (1864-1939) US big-game hunter, naturalist, collector in Abyssinia and Somaliland 1894-1895 (subsp. Turdoides leucopygia).
● see smithi

Northern Fiscal (humeralis)
Latin Name: Lanius humeralis humeralis
humeralis
Late L. humeralis  of the shoulders  < L. umerus  shoulders.
● ex “Perruche Banks” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Lathamus discolor).
● ex “Fringilla humeralis” of Lichtenstein MS (Peucaea).
● ex “Waalia Pigeon” of Bruce 1790 (syn. Treron waalia).

Northern Fiscal (capelli)
Latin Name: Lanius humeralis capelli
capelli
Vice-Adm. Hermenegildo Carlos de Brito Capello (1839-1926) Portuguese Navy, explorer in Angola 1878-1885 (subsp. Lanius collaris).