Geopelia Humeralis Bird

English Name:  Bar-shouldered Dove
Latin Name:  Geopelia humeralis
Protonym:  Columba humeralis Trans.Linn.Soc.London(1), 13 p.128
Taxonomy:  Columbiformes / Columbidae / Geopelia
Taxonomy Code:  basdov1
Type Locality:  Broad Sound, Queensland.
Author:  Temminck
Publish Year:  1821
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

GEOPELIA
(Columbidae; Ϯ Zebra Dove G. striata) Gr. γεω- geō-  ground-  < γη gē  earth; πελεια peleia  dove; "Geopelia, Sw.  Size small.  Wings short, rounded; the first three quills graduated, the first generally narrowed towards the tip.  Tail lengthened, graduated, obtuse.  Hinder toe shorter than the tarsus.   India.   The tenuirostral type.   G. lineata. Mus. Carl. pl. 67." (Swainson 1837); "Geopelia Swainson, Classif. Bds., 2, 1837, p. 348. Type, by monotypy, Geopelia lineata Mus. Carl. pl. 67 = Columba striata Linné.  ...  Geopelia striata striata (Linné)  Columba striata Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 1, 1766, p. 282. (East Indies, restricted type locality Java.)²  ...  ² It has been claimed that Columba sinica Linné, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, p. 164, based entirely on the Chinese Dove of Albin, p. 43, pl. 46, is an earlier name for this bird; in my opinion there are too many discrepancies in Albin's description to permit it to be used with any degree of certainty as the basis for this or any other dove." (Peters, 1937, III, p. 100).
Var. Geopeleia, Geopilia.
Synon. Chrysauchoena, Erythrauchaena, Stictopeleia, Tomopeleia.

humeralis
Late L. humeralis  of the shoulders  < L. umerus  shoulders.
● ex “Perruche Banks” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Lathamus discolor).
● ex “Fringilla humeralis” of Lichtenstein MS (Peucaea).
● ex “Waalia Pigeon” of Bruce 1790 (syn. Treron waalia).

SUBSPECIES

Bar-shouldered Dove (gregalis)
Latin Name: Geopelia humeralis gregalis
gregalis
L. gregalis  sociable  < grex, gregis  herd.
• "Occasionally in pairs, usually in groups of 3-10." (Hockey, Dean & Ryan (eds.) 2005); "Usually seen in small groups." (Peacock 2012) (Eremomela).
• "GEOPELIA HUMERALIS GREGALIS, subsp. nov.  ...  Similar to Geopelia humeralis humeralis (Temminck) but darker above, especially the hind neck" (Bangs & J. Peters 1926); "Occurs singly, in pairs, groups and congregations which may number dozens of birds." (Coates 1985) (subsp. Geopelia humeralis).
• "It is said to form  large flocks that do not mix with other birds, and which move through the paddy fields with a whirring of the wings as they rise and settle." (Restall 1996) (syn. Lonchura malacca jagori).
• "234.  F. gregalis N.  Terr. Caffror.  F. supra fusco-purpurea, subtus vitellina gula nigrescente.  Rostrum validum s. d. Plocei  Longit. 6" . . . .E. 4 Thls." (Lichtenstein 1823); "In pairs; ♂ and ♀  stay together all year; occurs in family parties of up to 5; does not flock with conspecifics, but joins mixed-species flocks of insectivorous birds" (Fry & Keith (eds.) 2004) (syn. Ploceus bicolor).

Bar-shouldered Dove (humeralis)
Latin Name: Geopelia humeralis humeralis
humeralis
Late L. humeralis  of the shoulders  < L. umerus  shoulders.
● ex “Perruche Banks” of Levaillant 1801 (syn. Lathamus discolor).
● ex “Fringilla humeralis” of Lichtenstein MS (Peucaea).
● ex “Waalia Pigeon” of Bruce 1790 (syn. Treron waalia).

Bar-shouldered Dove (headlandi)
Latin Name: Geopelia humeralis headlandi
headlandi
Port Headland (= Port Hedland), Western Australia.