Paroaria Gularis Bird

English Name:  Red-capped Cardinal
Latin Name:  Paroaria gularis
Protonym:  Tanagra gularis Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.316
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Thraupidae / Paroaria
Taxonomy Code:  reccar4
Type Locality:  America ; Cayenne designated by Berlepsch, 1908, Novit. Zool., 15, p. 122.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

PAROARIA
(Thraupidae; Ϯ Red-crested Cardinal P. coronata) Tupí name Tiéguacú paroára for a small yellow, red and grey bird; de Buffon 1770-1783, selected 'Paroare' from the Tupí autochthonym (mentioned by Marcgrave) because, where possible, he preferred to retain local names. Brisson 1760, had given the Red-cowled Cardinal P. dominicana the name “Cardinal Dominiquain,” in allusion to its red head and black and white plumage; "19. Paroaria, Nob. (typ. Fringilla cucullata, Vieill.)  Am. m." (Bonaparte 1832); "Paroaria Bonaparte, 1831 [= 1832], Giorn. Arcad. Sci. Lett. Arti [Rome], 52, p. 206. Type, by original designation, Fringilla cucullata Vieillot = Loxia coronata Miller." (Paynter in Peters 1970, XIII, 212).
Var. Paroria.
Synon. Calyptrophorus, Coccopsis.

gulare / gularis
Mod. L. gularis  of the throat, -throated, gular  < L. gula  throat.
● ex “Coucou Vulgaire d’Afrique” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 200 (Cuculus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à gorge blanche” of Quoy & Gaimard 1830 (syn. Eopsaltria griseogularis).
● ex “Petit Rolle Violet à Gorge Bleue” of Levaillant 1806 (Eurystomus).
● ex “Cardinal d’Amérique” of Brisson 1760 (Paroaria).
● ex “Colombi-Caille” of Levaillant 1810, pl. 283, and Columba hottentotta Temminck, 1813 (artefact).

SUBSPECIES

Red-capped Cardinal (Red-capped)
Latin Name: Paroaria gularis gularis
gulare / gularis
Mod. L. gularis  of the throat, -throated, gular  < L. gula  throat.
● ex “Coucou Vulgaire d’Afrique” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 200 (Cuculus).
● ex “Gobe-mouche à gorge blanche” of Quoy & Gaimard 1830 (syn. Eopsaltria griseogularis).
● ex “Petit Rolle Violet à Gorge Bleue” of Levaillant 1806 (Eurystomus).
● ex “Cardinal d’Amérique” of Brisson 1760 (Paroaria).
● ex “Colombi-Caille” of Levaillant 1810, pl. 283, and Columba hottentotta Temminck, 1813 (artefact).

Red-capped Cardinal (Bolivian)
Latin Name: Paroaria gularis cervicalis
cervicalis
L. cervicalis  cervical, of the neck  < cervix, cervicis  neck.
● ex “Red-naped Parrakeet” of Latham 1787 (artefact).
● See: cervina (subsp. Dacelo leachii).