Synallaxis Gujanensis Bird

English Name:  Plain-crowned Spinetail
Latin Name:  Synallaxis gujanensis
Protonym:  Motacilla gujanensis Syst.Nat. 1 pt2 p.988
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Furnariidae / Synallaxis
Taxonomy Code:  plcspi1
Type Locality:  Guiana = Cayenne, ex Daubenton, Pi. enlum., pi. 686, fig. 2.
Author:  Gmelin, JF
Publish Year:  1789
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

SYNALLAXIS
(Furnariidae; Ϯ Rufous-capped Spinetail S. ruficapilla)  Gr. συναλλαξις sunallaxis, συναλλαξεως sunallaxeōs  exchange; perhaps given because Vieillot thought the two species may represent the two sexes of a single species, or an allusion to their characters warranting generic separation.  Reichenbach 1853, complained that Synallaxis, of feminine gender, contained the Latin masculine noun axis  axle, and wondered what scientists were to make of it!; "SYNALLAXE, Synallaxis.   Bec grêle, entier, pointu; mandibule supérieure un peu arquée, l'inférieure droit; narines couvertes de plumes à leur base; ailes courtes, arrondies." (Vieillot 1818); "SYNALLAXE, Synallaxis. Genre de l'ordre des Oiseaux SYLVAINS et de la famille des GRIMPEREAUX   ...   La SYNALLAXE A QUEUE ROUSSE, Synallaxis ruficauda, Vieill., a été apportée du Brésil.   ...   La SYNALLAXE A TÊTE ROUSSE, Synallaxis ruficapilla, Vieill., se trouve au Brésil.   ...   Les différences qu'on remarque entre cet oiseau et le précédent, ne caractérisent-elles pas les sexes?" (Vieillot 1819); "Synallaxis Vieillot, Nouv. Sict. Hist. Nat., 24, 1818, p. 117. Generic characters only; species added op. cit., 32, 1819, p. 310. Type, by subsequent designation, Synallaxis ruficapilla Vieillot (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 17)." (Peters 1951, VII, 80). 
Var. Synnalaxis, Synnallaxis, Synalaxis.   
Synon. Anabates, Barnesia, Gyalophylax, Parulus, Poecilurus, Siptornopsis.

gujana / gujanensis / gujanus
Guianas.
● ex “Small green and crimson Humming-bird” of Bancroft 1769, and “Gujana Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (syn. Chrysolampis mosquitus).
● ex “Verderoux” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey-headed Tanager” of Latham 1783 (Cyclarhis).
● ex “Partridge of Gujana” of Bancroft 1769, “Tocro” or “Perdrix de la Guyane” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Guiana Partridge” of Latham 1783 (Odontophorus).
● ex “Psittaca aquarum Lupiarum insulae” of Brisson 1760, and “Green Parrot of Gujana” of Bancroft 1769 (syn. Psittacara euops).
● ex “Psittaca gujanensis” of Brisson 1760, “Perruche de la Guyane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pll. 167, 407, “Perruche pavouane” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Pavouane Parrot” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacara leucophthamus).
● ex “Rouge-queue de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 686, fig. 2, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Gujana Red-tail” of Latham 1783 (Synallaxis).
● Erroneous TL. Guiana (= San Domingo); ex “Grive de la Guyane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 398, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Gujana Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Dulus dominicus).
● ex “Tête-chêvre roux de la Guyane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 733, “Montvoyau de la Guyane” of de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Gujana Goatsucker” of Latham 1783 (unident.; Caprimulgidae).

SUBSPECIES

Plain-crowned Spinetail (columbiana)
Latin Name: Synallaxis gujanensis columbiana
columbiana / columbianum / columbianus
● Colombia. To this day the name of Colombia is misspelled in newspapers, scientific works (e.g. NAOC Vancouver 2012 Abstracts, p. 207) and books, and on television (e.g. BBC News Channel (Travel!) 14 May 2017), and generally wrongly pronounced there (e.g. Channel 4 Seven O’Clock News, 10 October 2011) and on radio (e.g. BBC Radio 2 Jeremy Vine Show 30 November 2016). “America ... north of the Isthmus of Darien, the southern continent being termed Columbia” (Wood 1835) (subsp. Chamaeza campanisona, subsp. Cinclodes excelsior, Crypturellus, Fulica, Ortalis, Phaethornis, subsp. Philydor rufum, subsp. Synallaxis gujanensis).
● Columbia River or Columbia River region (Oregon) (Cygnus (ex “Whistling Swan” of P. Allen 1814), syn. Gymnogyps californianus, Nucifraga, subsp. Pedioecetes phasianellus (ex “Grouse or Prairie Hen” of Lewis 1814), syn. Piranga ludoviciana).
● Greater Colombia (= Venezuela) (Odontophorus, Philydor).
● Columbia County, Florida, USA (‡ Palaeophoyx).
● British Columbia, Canada (subsp. Poecile hudsonicus).
● Erroneous TL. Porto Cabello, Colombia (= Ciudad Bolívar, Río Orinoco, Venezuela) (Sicalis).

Plain-crowned Spinetail (gujanensis)
Latin Name: Synallaxis gujanensis gujanensis
gujana / gujanensis / gujanus
Guianas.
● ex “Small green and crimson Humming-bird” of Bancroft 1769, and “Gujana Humming-bird” of Latham 1782 (syn. Chrysolampis mosquitus).
● ex “Verderoux” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey-headed Tanager” of Latham 1783 (Cyclarhis).
● ex “Partridge of Gujana” of Bancroft 1769, “Tocro” or “Perdrix de la Guyane” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Guiana Partridge” of Latham 1783 (Odontophorus).
● ex “Psittaca aquarum Lupiarum insulae” of Brisson 1760, and “Green Parrot of Gujana” of Bancroft 1769 (syn. Psittacara euops).
● ex “Psittaca gujanensis” of Brisson 1760, “Perruche de la Guyane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pll. 167, 407, “Perruche pavouane” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Pavouane Parrot” of Latham 1781 (syn. Psittacara leucophthamus).
● ex “Rouge-queue de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 686, fig. 2, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Gujana Red-tail” of Latham 1783 (Synallaxis).
● Erroneous TL. Guiana (= San Domingo); ex “Grive de la Guyane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 398, fig. 1, and de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Gujana Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Dulus dominicus).
● ex “Tête-chêvre roux de la Guyane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 733, “Montvoyau de la Guyane” of de Buffon 1770-1786, and “Gujana Goatsucker” of Latham 1783 (unident.; Caprimulgidae).

Plain-crowned Spinetail (huallagae)
Latin Name: Synallaxis gujanensis huallagae
huallagae
Río Huallaga, Libertád/San Martín, Peru.

Plain-crowned Spinetail (canipileus)
Latin Name: Synallaxis gujanensis canipileus
canipileus
L. canus  grey; pileus  skull-cap.

Plain-crowned Spinetail (inornata)
Latin Name: Synallaxis gujanensis inornata
inornata / inornatum / inornatus
L. inornatus  plain, unadorned  < in-  not; ornatus  adorned, decorated  < ornare  to adorn.
● See: mavornata

Plain-crowned Spinetail (certhiola)
Latin Name: Synallaxis gujanensis certhiola
certhiola / certhiolus
● Dim. < specific name Picus certhia Boddaert, 1783 (subsp. Lepidocolaptes angustirostris).
● Dim. < genus Certhia Linnaeus, 1758, treecreeper; "Forma rostri, coloribus, habitu corporis et cauda cuneiformi aliquam cum Certhia familiari similitudinem exprimit, sed moribus diversis et charactere Motacillis assimilatur" (Pallas 1811) (Locustella).