Hemithraupis Guira Bird

English Name:  Guira Tanager
Latin Name:  Hemithraupis guira
Protonym:  Motacilla Guira Syst.Nat.ed.12 ed.12 p.335
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Thraupidae / Hemithraupis
Taxonomy Code:  guitan1
Type Locality:  northeastern Brazil ; restricted to Pernambuco by Berlepsch, 1912, Verh. V Intern. Ornith. Kongr., Berlin, 1911, p. 1083.
Author:  Linnaeus
Publish Year:  1766
IUCN Status:  Least Concern

DEFINITIONS

HEMITHRAUPIS
(Thraupidae; † Rufous-headed Tanager H. ruficapilla) Gr. ἡμι- hēmi-  half-, small < ἡμισυς hēmisus  half; θραυπις thraupis  unknown small bird, perhaps some sort of finch. In ornithology thraupis signifies tanager. "Gen. HEMITHRAUPIS nov. gen. **) Halb-Tangara.  (Hylophilus Temm. Pr. Max. part.)    145. 1. H. ruficeps Nob. — Hylophilus ruficeps Pr. Max. Beitr. III. p. 725.    146. 2. H. melanoxantha Nob. — Sylvia melanoxantha Licht. (1819) Doubl. No. 394 et 395.  Tanagra speculifera Temm. (1821) pl. col. 36. fig. 1. 2.  Nemosia flavicollis Vieill. Encycl. méth p. 788;  id. Gal. Ois. tab. 75.    147. 3. H. Guira Nob. — Tanagra guira Lin. — Tanagra nigricollis Gm. — Nemosia nigricollis Vieill. — Hylophilus guira Pr. Max.   ...   **) Von ἡμι, halb und θραυπις, nom. prop.  Die Gattung unterscheidet sich von Hylophilus höchst aufallend schon durch den Mangel der ersten kurzen Schwinge. Die weniger, als bei den Sylvicolinen, entwickelten Läufe und Zehen bringen die Gruppe in nahe Verwandtschaft mit Nemosia; doch unterscheidet sie sich von dieser durch geraderen, nur an der Spitze etwas gebognen Schnabel, durch verhältnissmässig etwas längere Flügel und längeren Schwanz sowie durch weniger verlängerte Armschwingen.  Typus der Gattung ist Hylophilus ruficeps Pr. Max." (Cabanis 1853); "Hemithraupis Cabanis, 1850, Mus. Heineanum, 1 (1851) [1853], p. 21.  Type, by original designation, Hylophilus ruficeps Wied = Nemosia ruficapilla Vieillot." (Storer in Peters, 1970, XIII, p. 271).
• (Thraupidae; syn. Tangara † Red-necked Tanager T. cyanocephala) "Genus Hemithraupis. (Type, Aglaia cyanocephala Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny.)  Similar to Tanagra Linnæus, 1 but tail much longer (equal to length of wing to tip of secondaries), wing more rounded (first primary shorter than seventh instead of longer than sixth), and rictal bristles much stronger.   ...   1 The type of Tanagra Linnæus is, according to the "process of elimination," T. episcopus" (Ridgway 1898); "Hemithraupis (not of Cabanis, 1851) Ridgway, Auk, 15, p. 226, 1898 — type, by orig. desig., Aglaia cyanocephala Lafresnaye and d'Orbigny." (Hellmayr, 1936, Cat. Birds Americas, Pt. IX, p. 205).

GUIRA
(Cuculidae; Ϯ Guira Cuckoo G. guira) Specific name Cuculus guira J. Gmelin, 1788. "3.^e Race. Les GUIRAS; Guira.  Bec aussi long que la tête, robuste, triangulaire à la base, à bords recourbés; narines en scissure longitudinale, percée au centre d'une membrane et placée au milieu de la mandibule; tarses médiocres, assez longs, recouverts de larges scutelles; une huppe; queue longue, étroite, étagée.    COUCOU GUIRA-CANTARA; Cuculus guira, Lath.  Guira acangatara, Marcgrave; Crotophaga piririgua, Vieill., Gal., pl. 44; Piririgua, Azara" (Lesson 1830); "Guira Lesson, Traité d'Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 149. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Cuculus guira Latham i.e. Gmelin." (Peters, 1940, IV, p. 58).
Synon. Coccygius, Octopteryx, Ptiloleptus.

guira
Güaraní name Guihrá  bird.
● ex “Guira acantagara [= acangatara of Marcgrave 1648]” of Willughby 1676, and Ray 1713, “Coucou hupé du Brésil” of Brisson 1760, and “Guira cantara” of de Buffon 1770-1783 (Guira).
● ex “Guira-guaçu beraba” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Sylvia brasiliensis viridis” of Brisson 1760 (Hemithraupis).

SUBSPECIES

Guira Tanager (guirina)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira guirina
guirina
Specific name Motacilla guira Linnaeus, 1766; L. -inus  pertaining to (subsp. Hemithraupis guira).

Guira Tanager (nigrigula)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira nigrigula
nigrigula
L. niger  black; gula  throat.
● ex “Tangara olive à gorge noire de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 720, fig. 1 (subsp. Hemithraupis guira).

Guira Tanager (huambina)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira huambina
huambina
Huambo, north-eastern Peru.

Guira Tanager (roraimae)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira roraimae
roraima / roraimae
Mt. Roraima or Cerro Roraima, British Guiana (= Guyana)/ Venezuela.

Guira Tanager (boliviana)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira boliviana
boliviae / boliviana / bolivianum / bolivianus / boliviensis
Bolivia (named after Simón Bolívar (1783-1830) "The Liberator", Venezuelan revolutionary, who helped to expel the Spaniards from their South American empire).

Guira Tanager (amazonica)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira amazonica
amazonica / amazonicus / amazonina / amazoninum
Mod. L. Amazonicus or Amazoninus Amazonian, of Amazonia.
● ex “Ajuru Curuca” of Marcgrave 1648, and “Psittacus amazonicus” of Brisson 1760 (Amazona).

Guira Tanager (guira)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira guira
GUIRA
(Cuculidae; Ϯ Guira Cuckoo G. guira) Specific name Cuculus guira J. Gmelin, 1788. "3.^e Race. Les GUIRAS; Guira.  Bec aussi long que la tête, robuste, triangulaire à la base, à bords recourbés; narines en scissure longitudinale, percée au centre d'une membrane et placée au milieu de la mandibule; tarses médiocres, assez longs, recouverts de larges scutelles; une huppe; queue longue, étroite, étagée.    COUCOU GUIRA-CANTARA; Cuculus guira, Lath.  Guira acangatara, Marcgrave; Crotophaga piririgua, Vieill., Gal., pl. 44; Piririgua, Azara" (Lesson 1830); "Guira Lesson, Traité d'Orn., livr. 2, 1830, p. 149. Type, by monotypy and tautonymy, Cuculus guira Latham i.e. Gmelin." (Peters, 1940, IV, p. 58).
Synon. Coccygius, Octopteryx, Ptiloleptus.

Guira Tanager (fosteri)
Latin Name: Hemithraupis guira fosteri
fosteri
William Foster (1873-1915) British field naturalist, collector in Paraguay 1894-1915 (subsp. Hemithraupis guira).
● See: forsteri (syn. Halobaena caerulea)