Formicivora Grisea Bird

English Name:  White-fringed Antwren
Latin Name:  Formicivora grisea
Protonym:  Turdus griseus TablePlanchesEnlum. p.39
Taxonomy:  Passeriformes / Thamnophilidae / Formicivora
Taxonomy Code:  whfant1
Type Locality:  Cayenne, ex Daubenton, pi. 643, fig. 1.
Author:  Boddaert
Publish Year:  1783
IUCN Status:  

DEFINITIONS

FORMICIVORA
(Thamnophilidae; Ϯ Southern White-fringed Antwren F. grisea) L. formica  ant; -vorus  -eating  < vorare  to devour; "It is at this stage of our progression that I propose to fix the limits of Thamnophilus, and pass into the genus Formicivora: here the bill is no longer robust; but narrow, slender, and more cylindrical; the under mandible weak, and the gonix nearly strait; the tail of some species is even longer and more cuneated than in the last group" (Swainson 1824); "FORMICIVORA.  Rostrum mediocre, subcylindraceum, gonyde recta; vibrissæ nullæ.  Alæ breves, rotundatæ, remige 4ta vel 5ta longissima.  Cauda gradata.  Tarsi mediocres, graciles; squamis lateralibus frequentibus.   ...   The Formicivoræ or Ant-Wrens, are all of them very small; and in an artificial arrangement might very well be associated with the Warblers. In all but their slender bill, they present a perfect miniature resemblance to the true Thamnophili, even to the lateral scales of their tarsi, which are small and numerous. They differ from the Drymophilæ by their comparatively short legs, which are obviously not intended for walking. We know little of their natural economy, further than that they frequent bushes and the low branches of trees, which they probably cleanse of those small insects, passed over by their more powerful brethren.   ...   1. FORMICIVORA maculata.  White-spotted Ant-Wren.   ...   2. FORMICIVORA nigricollis.  Black throated Ant-Wren.   ...   3. FORMICIVORA brevicauda.  Short tailed Ant-Wren." (Swainson 1825); "Formicivora Swainson, Zool. Journ., 1, 1824, p. 301, in text. Diagnosis only; species added, Swainson, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 145-149. Type, by subsequent designation, Formicivora nigricollis Swainson = Turdus griseus Boddaert (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 25)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 206).
Var. Formicivor.
Synon. Myrmecophila, Neorhopias, Stymphalornis.

formicivora
L. formica  ant; -vorus  -eating  < vorare  to devour.
● ex “Traquet Fourmilier” of Levaillant 1806, pl. 186 (Myrmecocichla).

grisea
Med. L. griseum, griseus or grisius  grey.
● ex “Dark Grey Petrel” of Cook 1777, and “Grey Petrel” of Latham 1785 (Ardenna).
● ex “Crabier de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 908 (syn. Butorides striata).
● ex “Calidris grisea” of Brisson 1760, “Maubèche grise” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 366, and “Grisled Sandpiper” of Latham 1785 (syn. Calidris canutus).
● ex “Tourterelle de Cayenne” of Holandre 1790 (syn. Columbina minuta).
● ex “Grimpereau gris de la Chine” of Sonnerat 1782 (?syn. Dicaeum sp., ?syn. Orthotomus sp.)
● ex “Alouette grise de Gingi” of Sonnerat 1782 (Eremopterix).
● ex “Grisin de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 643, figs. 1, 2, and “Grisly Warbler” of Latham 1783 (Formicivora).
● ex “Grignet” of Levaillant 1803, pl. 126 (syn. Parisoma subcaeruleum).
● ex “Matuitui” of Willughby 1676, “Numenius americanus minor” of Brisson 1760, “Matuitui des rivages” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey Ibis” of Latham 1785 (syn. Theristicus melanopis).
● ex “Merle gris de Gingi” of Sonnerat 1782, and “Grey Thrush” of Latham 1783 (syn. Turdoides affinis).
● ex “Tangara olive de la Louisiane” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 714, fig. 1, “Gris-Olive” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey Tanager” of Latham 1783, and Pennant 1785 (syn. Vireo griseus).
● ex “Cotinga gris de Cayenne” of d’Aubenton 1765-1781, pl. 699 (?syn. Xipholena punicea).
● ex “Martin Gris-de-Fer” of Levaillant 1801, pl. 95, fig. 2 (Gracula artefact).
● ex “Avis gonambucho Americana” of Seba 1734, “Bruant de Surinam” of Brisson 1760, “Gonambouch” of de Buffon 1770-1783, and “Grey Bunting” of Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Grey-necked Fly-catcher” of Latham 1783 (unident.).
● ex “Coquantototl, avicula cristata, forma passeris” of Seba 1734-1765, “Manacus cristatus griseus” of Brisson 1760, and “Grey Manakin” of Latham 1783 (unident.).
● "Sporophila intermedia Cabanis  ...  Loxia grisea Gmelin (Syst. Nat., 1, [2], p. 857, 1789) was long used for the above species. The name rests exclusively upon "Le Gros-Bec de Virginie" Daubenton, Pl. Enl., pl. 393, fig. 1, called by Buffon "Le Grisalbin." The rather poor figure shows a blackish bill, white throat, and whitish superciliaries, and I am inclined to agree with Chubb (Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl., 41, p. 35, 1920) that the name is better dropped as undeterminable." (Hellmayr 1938, XIII, 176) (unident.).

SUBSPECIES

White-fringed Antwren (Northern)
Latin Name: Formicivora grisea [intermedia Group]
FORMICIVORA
(Thamnophilidae; Ϯ Southern White-fringed Antwren F. grisea) L. formica  ant; -vorus  -eating  < vorare  to devour; "It is at this stage of our progression that I propose to fix the limits of Thamnophilus, and pass into the genus Formicivora: here the bill is no longer robust; but narrow, slender, and more cylindrical; the under mandible weak, and the gonix nearly strait; the tail of some species is even longer and more cuneated than in the last group" (Swainson 1824); "FORMICIVORA.  Rostrum mediocre, subcylindraceum, gonyde recta; vibrissæ nullæ.  Alæ breves, rotundatæ, remige 4ta vel 5ta longissima.  Cauda gradata.  Tarsi mediocres, graciles; squamis lateralibus frequentibus.   ...   The Formicivoræ or Ant-Wrens, are all of them very small; and in an artificial arrangement might very well be associated with the Warblers. In all but their slender bill, they present a perfect miniature resemblance to the true Thamnophili, even to the lateral scales of their tarsi, which are small and numerous. They differ from the Drymophilæ by their comparatively short legs, which are obviously not intended for walking. We know little of their natural economy, further than that they frequent bushes and the low branches of trees, which they probably cleanse of those small insects, passed over by their more powerful brethren.   ...   1. FORMICIVORA maculata.  White-spotted Ant-Wren.   ...   2. FORMICIVORA nigricollis.  Black throated Ant-Wren.   ...   3. FORMICIVORA brevicauda.  Short tailed Ant-Wren." (Swainson 1825); "Formicivora Swainson, Zool. Journ., 1, 1824, p. 301, in text. Diagnosis only; species added, Swainson, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 145-149. Type, by subsequent designation, Formicivora nigricollis Swainson = Turdus griseus Boddaert (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 25)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 206).
Var. Formicivor.
Synon. Myrmecophila, Neorhopias, Stymphalornis.

White-fringed Antwren (Southern)
Latin Name: Formicivora grisea [grisea Group]
FORMICIVORA
(Thamnophilidae; Ϯ Southern White-fringed Antwren F. grisea) L. formica  ant; -vorus  -eating  < vorare  to devour; "It is at this stage of our progression that I propose to fix the limits of Thamnophilus, and pass into the genus Formicivora: here the bill is no longer robust; but narrow, slender, and more cylindrical; the under mandible weak, and the gonix nearly strait; the tail of some species is even longer and more cuneated than in the last group" (Swainson 1824); "FORMICIVORA.  Rostrum mediocre, subcylindraceum, gonyde recta; vibrissæ nullæ.  Alæ breves, rotundatæ, remige 4ta vel 5ta longissima.  Cauda gradata.  Tarsi mediocres, graciles; squamis lateralibus frequentibus.   ...   The Formicivoræ or Ant-Wrens, are all of them very small; and in an artificial arrangement might very well be associated with the Warblers. In all but their slender bill, they present a perfect miniature resemblance to the true Thamnophili, even to the lateral scales of their tarsi, which are small and numerous. They differ from the Drymophilæ by their comparatively short legs, which are obviously not intended for walking. We know little of their natural economy, further than that they frequent bushes and the low branches of trees, which they probably cleanse of those small insects, passed over by their more powerful brethren.   ...   1. FORMICIVORA maculata.  White-spotted Ant-Wren.   ...   2. FORMICIVORA nigricollis.  Black throated Ant-Wren.   ...   3. FORMICIVORA brevicauda.  Short tailed Ant-Wren." (Swainson 1825); "Formicivora Swainson, Zool. Journ., 1, 1824, p. 301, in text. Diagnosis only; species added, Swainson, Zool. Journ., 2, 1825, p. 145-149. Type, by subsequent designation, Formicivora nigricollis Swainson = Turdus griseus Boddaert (G. R. Gray, List Gen. Bds., 1840, p. 25)." (Peters, 1951, VII, p. 206).
Var. Formicivor.
Synon. Myrmecophila, Neorhopias, Stymphalornis.